MARTE/pCCSL: Modeling and Refining Stochastic Behaviors of CPSs with Probabilistic Logical Clocks

Abstract

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are networks of heterogeneous embedded systems immersed within a physical environment. Several ad-hoc frameworks and mathematical models have been studied to deal with challenging issues raised by CPSs. In this paper, we explore a more standard-based approach that relies on SysML/MARTE to capture different aspects of CPSs, including structure, behaviors, clock constraints, and non-functional properties. The novelty of our work lies in the use of logical clocks and MARTE/CCSL to drive and coordinate different models. Meanwhile, to capture stochastic behaviors of CPSs, we propose an extension of CCSL, called pCCSL, where logical clocks are adorned with stochastic properties. Possible variants are explored using Statistical Model Checking (SMC) via a transformation from the MARTE/pCCSL models into Stochastic Hybrid Automata. The whole process is illustrated through a case study of energy-aware building, in which the system is modeled by SysML/MARTE/pCCSL and different variants are explored through SMC to help expose the best alternative solutions.

Formal Specification & Analysis of Autonomous Systems in PrCCSL/Simulink Design Verifier

“…Du. et al [10] proposed the use of CCSL with probabilistic logical clocks to enable stochastic analysis of hybrid systems by limiting the possible solutions of clock ticks. Whereas, our work is based on the probabilistic extension of EAST-ADL timing constraints with the focus on probabilistic verification of the extended constraints, particularly, in the context of WH.…”

“…By combining(10) and (11), we can obtain the the specification of R5(2): signOut p {imIn DelayFor 150 on ms} (5.12)…”

Probabilistic Analysis of Weakly-Hard Real-Time Systems

“…Du. et al [13] proposed the use of Ccsl with probabilistic logical clocks to enable stochastic analysis of hybrid systems by limiting the possible solutions of clock ticks. Whereas, our work is based on the probabilistic extension of Eastadl timing constraints with a focus on probabilistic verification of the extended constraints, particularly, in the context of WH.…”