Mass and ionic composition of atmospheric fine particles over Belgium and their relation with gaseous air pollutants

Bencs, László; Ravindra, Khaiwal; Hoog, Johan de; Rasoazanany, Elise Octavie; Deutsch, Felix; Bleux, Nico; Berghmans, Patrick; Roekens, Edward; Krata, Agnieszka; Grieken, R. Van

doi:10.1039/b805157g

Cited by 52 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…6). The higher value of SO 4 2− at 2− /PM 10 all site may be explained with the movements of diesel vehicles during sampling periods or long range transport of sulfur can also be possible reason (Bencs et al 2008 (Fig. 7) ratio ranged from 0.02 to 0.08 with exception at Sagar (0.16) and Ramampeth (0.29).…”

Section: Ionic Enrichment Factormentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Gases and particulate matter, both contribute to deterioration of air quality (Parmar et al 2001). Water-soluble ionic compounds contribute more to fine aerosol, indicating more health-related risk (Bencs et al 2008). Aerosols are largely spread over long regions (Chan et al 1997;Wakamatsu et al 1996) because fine aerosols are lighter in mass and remain suspended in air for several days (Wojicik and Chang 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical characteristics of aerosols and trace gas distribution over North and Central India

Singh

Dixit

et al. 2011

Environ Monit Assess

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A field campaign on aerosol chemical properties and trace gases measurements was carried out along the Delhi-Hyderabad-Delhi road corridor (spanning about 3,200 km) in India, during February 1-29, 2004. Aerosol particles were collected on quartz and cellulose filters using high volume (PM(10)) sampler at various locations along the route (i.e., urban, semi-urban, rural, and forest areas) and have been characterized for major cations (Na(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), K(+), and NH (4) (+)), anions (Cl(-), NO (3)(-), and SO (4)(2-)), and heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Pb). Simultaneously, we measured NO(2) and SO(2) gases. These species show large spatial and temporal variations. The ambient PM(10) concentration has been observed to be the highest (55 ± 4 μg m(-3)) near semi-urban areas followed by forest areas (48 ± 2 μg m(-3)) and in rural areas (44 ± 22 μg m(-3)). The concentrations of NO( x ) (NO(2)+NO) and SO(2) ranged from 16 to 69 μg m(-3) and 4 to 11 μg m(-3), respectively. Among anions, NO(3)(-) and SO(4) (2-) are the major constituents of PM(10). The urban and semi-urban sites showed enhanced concentrations of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cd, and Pb. This study provide information about atmospheric concentrations of various species in the northern to central India, which may be important for policy makers to better understand the air quality of the region.

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Section: Ionic Enrichment Factormentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characteristics of aerosols and trace gas distribution over North and Central India

Singh

Dixit

et al. 2011

Environ Monit Assess

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“…PC9 has high loadings for NH 3 and medium loadings for HNO 2 . This factor represents emissions originating from extensive animal farming activities from nearby agricultural areas of West Flanders (Bencs et al 2008).…”

Section: Principal Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods, fluxes and sources of gas phase alkyl nitrates in the coastal air

Dirtu

Buczyńska

Godoi

et al. 2014

Environ Monit Assess

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The daily and seasonal atmospheric concentrations, deposition fluxes and emission sources of a few C3-C9 gaseous alkyl nitrates (ANs) at the Belgian coast (De Haan) on the Southern North Sea were determined. An adapted sampler design for low- and high-volume air-sampling, optimized sample extraction and clean-up, as well as identification and quantification of ANs in air samples by means of gas chromatography mass spectrometry, are reported. The total concentrations of ANs ranged from 0.03 to 85 pptv and consisted primarily of the nitro-butane and nitro-pentane isomers. Air mass backward trajectories were calculated by the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model to determine the influence of main air masses on AN levels in the air. The shorter chain ANs have been the most abundant in the Atlantic/Channel/UK air masses, while longer chain ANs prevailed in continental air. The overall mean N fluxes of the ANs were slightly higher for summer than those for winter-spring, although their contributions to the total nitrogen flux were low. High correlations between AN and HNO₂ levels were observed during winter/spring. During summer, the shorter chain ANs correlated well with precipitation. Source apportionment by means of principal component analysis indicated that most of the gas phase ANs could be attributed to traffic/combustion, secondary photochemical formation and biomass burning, although marine sources may also have been present and a contributing factor.

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“…26 -30 In addition, a slight correlation (r ϭ 0.60) was noted between As and V, which could be emitted from coal and residual oil combustion 9,31,32 in the region and mixed with PM 10 -2.5 . 33 In addition, the high temperature in the summer could enhance the volatilization of NH 4 NO 3 and reduce the NR ratio, but chemical reactions in the atmosphere could also account for this effect, so the high-temperature effect cannot be definitively identified as the cause for the shift in the ratio. 34 Other cationic species could be more important in summer than in winter for ionic balance.…”

Section: Relationship Of Particulate Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Composition Characteristics under Different Ambient Air Quality Conditions

Tsai

Chang

Huang

et al. 2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Particulate compositions including elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), water-soluble ionic species, and elemental compositions were investigated during the period from 2004 to 2006 in southern Taiwan. The correlation between the pollutant standard index (PSI) of ambient air quality and the various particle compositions was also addressed in this study. PSI revealed a correlation with fine (r ϭ 0.74) and coarse (r ϭ 0.80) particulate matter (PM). PSI manifested a significant correlation with the amount of analyzed ionic species (r ϳ 0.80) in coarse and fine particles and a moderate correlation with carbon content (r ϭ 0.63) in fine particles; however, it showed no correlation with elemental content. Although the ambient air quality ranged from good to moderate, the ionic species including chloride (Cl Ϫ

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Mass and ionic composition of atmospheric fine particles over Belgium and their relation with gaseous air pollutants

Cited by 52 publications

References 50 publications

Chemical characteristics of aerosols and trace gas distribution over North and Central India

Chemical characteristics of aerosols and trace gas distribution over North and Central India

Methods, fluxes and sources of gas phase alkyl nitrates in the coastal air

Particulate Composition Characteristics under Different Ambient Air Quality Conditions

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