Mass Transfer Coefficients in an Extraction Spray Tower

Geankoplis, C. J.; Hixson, A. N.

doi:10.1021/ie50486a026

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Whitehead and Geankoplis ( 2 8 ) and Seaton and Geankoplis ( 2 3 ) give a detailed discussion and summary of cases in extraction where two or more solutes are present and of the effects of activity coefficients, complex formation, and salting-out. Many such double solute systems have been studied (7,8,11, 13, 18, 19, 21, 22, 2 7 ) . The system sulfuric acid-formic acid-water-methyl isobutyl ketone was studied by Whitehead and Geankoplis, and they found that the sulfuric acid can be considered as a salting-out agent and the data correlated by the Setschenow equation (24, 25).…”

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confidence: 99%

Extraction of mixed solutes: I. Separation of formic and hydrochloric acids. II. Separation of acetic and sulfuric acids

1961

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In many complex systems in solvent extraction a second solute i s often present or is added to promote extraction of the first solute. Previous studies showed that the electrolyte sulfuric acid can be considered as a salting-out agent for extraction of formic acid from water by methyl isobutyl ketone.I n the present work two systems were studied: (I) hydrochloric acid-formic acid-water-methyl isobutyl ketone and ( I1 1 sulfuric acid-ocetic ocid-water-methyl isobutyl ketone. Selectivities of over 200 were found favoring the extraction of formic over hydrochloric acid, and values of over 6,000 favoring the acetic over the sulfuric acid were found, The data for extraction of formic acid were correlated by the Setschenow equation. A similar type of equation was found for extraction of acetic acid in system 11.The results indicate that the electrolyte hydrochloric acid can also be considered as a saltingout agent for formic acid. The data show that sulfuric is more effective than hydrochloric acid in salting-out the formic acid. This is in qualitative agreement with experimental data in other systems employing sulfate and chloride electrolytes and with the theoretical equation derived by Debye and McAuley. About 28% less sulfuric acid i s needed to salt-out a given amount of acetic acid when compared with salting-out the same amount of formic acid.The changes in activity coefficient of the acetic acid in the aqueous phase with additions of sulfuric acid were measured in system 11. These activity coefficient changes could account for only about 39% of the increase in distribution ratio of the acetic ocid. A possible explanation for this is that the molecular species o f the acetic acid in the organic and aqueous phases changed when sulfuric acid was added to the water phase.

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confidence: 99%

Extraction of mixed solutes: I. Separation of formic and hydrochloric acids. II. Separation of acetic and sulfuric acids

1961

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“…In Figure 4 the concentration profile for phase x and phase y as measured by Geankoplis and coworkers (7,8,22) and by Gier and Hougen (10) Solute transfer was from the organic phase to the aqueous phase, and hence, the Equations (47), (49) and (52) become…”

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confidence: 95%

Analysis of backmixing and mass transfer in solvent extraction columns

Nazem¹

1979

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“…In the 1950s, progress was made in identifying fluid dynamics as a major contributor to the effects that are crucial in predicting LLE in technical applications. The fact that there is a large deviation from plug-flow regime in extraction columns, and therefore a diminished efficiency, was made by Geankoplis and Hixson [28], Burger and Swift, Sege and Woodfield [29] and Thornton and Logsdail [30]. Danckwerts [31] introduced theaxial dispersion model (ADM) as a mathematical description of plug-flow overlapped by backmixing.…”

Section: Modeling Liquid-liquid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct and Quantitative Validation Method for Predictive Process Modeling with Examples of Liquid-Liquid Extraction Processes of Complex Feed Mixtures

Schmidt

Strube

2019

Processes

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As of today, industrial process development for liquid-liquid extraction and scale-up of extraction columns is based on an experimental procedure that requires tests in pilot-scale. This methodology consumes large amounts of material and time and the utilized scale-up equations are crude estimates including considerable safety margins. This approach is practical for well-known systems or low-value products coupled with high production scale, where such a scale-up methodology has less impact on the overall profitability. However, for new high-value products in biologics manufacturing, a process development based on process understanding and the use of validated process models is imperative. Therefore, a distinct and quantitative validation workflow for liquid-liquid extraction modeling is presented on the example of two complex feed mixtures. Monte-Carlo simulations based on the presented model parameter determination concept result for both examples in prediction accuracy comparable to the experiments and prediction precision within the deviation of the respective experiments. Identification of statistically significant parameters is demonstrated. The presented methodology for model validation will support the implementation of liquid-liquid extraction in the manufacturing of new high value biological products in regulated industries by providing a workflow to derive a Quality-by-Design compatible process model.

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Mass Transfer Coefficients in an Extraction Spray Tower

Cited by 44 publications

References 4 publications

Extraction of mixed solutes: I. Separation of formic and hydrochloric acids. II. Separation of acetic and sulfuric acids

Extraction of mixed solutes: I. Separation of formic and hydrochloric acids. II. Separation of acetic and sulfuric acids

Analysis of backmixing and mass transfer in solvent extraction columns

Distinct and Quantitative Validation Method for Predictive Process Modeling with Examples of Liquid-Liquid Extraction Processes of Complex Feed Mixtures

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