Material attrition and bone micromorphology after conventional and ultrasonic implant site preparation

Abstract

Ultrasonic implant site preparation is associated with the preservation of bone microarchitecture and with the increased attrition of metal particles. Therefore, copious irrigation seems to be even more essential for ultrasonic implant site preparation than for the conventional method.

Piezoelectric versus conventional implant site preparation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Several histologic studies have shown that surgical trauma during ISP could intensify the inflammatory process leading to loss of marginal bone and reduced primary stability in the early healing phase following ISP. It was thought that the simultaneous cavitation, cleansing effect and the micro‐vibrations associated with the use of PEDs would preserve the bone microarchitecture and thus enhance early migration of osteoprogenitor cells into the freshly exposed marrow spaces leading to a faster healing response . Furthermore, low numbers of inflammatory cells, decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, high number of osteoblasts, and increased expression of transforming growth factor‐beta and bone morphogenetic protein‐4 were observed in samples taken from sites prepared by PEDs, indicating an earlier and more efficient bone remodeling process than in sites prepared by CDs .…”

Intraosseous heat generation during sonic, ultrasonic and conventional osteotomy

“…One hundred and twenty fresh bovine ribs were used in the present study due to their similarities to the human jaw in terms of bone density and the ratio between cortical and cancellous bone (Rashad et al, 2011(Rashad et al, , 2013.…”

“…In some cases, ultrasound may be modulated at low frequency (30 Hz or lower) to avoid overheating and bone compaction (Vercellotti et al, 2001) or at even lower sonic frequencies (16 Hze20 kHz) (Heinemann et al, 2012). Although a higher level of safety and fewer iatrogenic defects have been consistently reported for ultrasonic osteotomy systems, some concerns still remain about the osteotomy speed and heat generation (Rashad et al, 2011(Rashad et al, , 2013.…”

Applications of ESEM on Materials Science: Recent Updates and a Look Forward

“…The results provide geochemical details of preservation by the analysis of surface morphology and chemistry . Similarly, ESEM provides a nondestructive examination of surface morphology observation and compositional contrast on various other samples, such as rocks and minerals, skeletons, teeth, etc.…”