Material characteristics and building technique for the rammed earth wall of the 13th Korean fortress in Ganghwa

Jo, Young Hoon; Lee, Sun Myung; Lee, Chan Hee

doi:10.1007/s12665-018-7792-9

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…미량 및 희토류 원소는 조암광물의 치환성에 따라 암 석의 성인을 연구하는데 자주 활용된다. 최근에는 이를 암석의 지구화학적 풍화산물인 토양에 적용하여 토층, 토 기, 벽돌 및 회곽묘 등의 재료에 대한 기원 및 산지해석 에도 적용하고 있다 (Jo and Lee, 2018;Kang and Lee, 2018;. (Jo and Lee, 2015).…”

Section: 배경 및 연구방법unclassified

Evaluation and Physicochemical Property for Building Materials from the Japanese Ministry of General Affairs in Joseon Dynasty

Park

Lee

2022

Econ. Environ. Geol.

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Physicochemical characteristics and evaluation were studied by subdividing the concretes, bricks and earth pipes on the site of the Japanese Ministry of General Affairs in Joseon Dynasty, known as modern architecture, into three periods. Concretes showed similar specific gravity and absorption ratio, and large amounts of aggregates, quartz, feldspar, calcite and portlandite were detected. Porosity of the 1907 bricks were higher than those of 1910 and 1950 bricks. All earthen pipe is similar, but the earlier one was found to be more dense. Bricks and earthen pipes are dark red to brown in color within many cracks and pores, but the matrix of the earthen pipe is relatively homogeneous. Quartz, feldspar and hematite are detected in bricks, and mullite is confirmed with quartz and feldspar in earthen pipes, so it is interpreted that the materials have a firing temperature about 1,000 to 1,100 o C. Concretes showed similar CaO content, but brick and earthen pipe had low SiO 2 and high Al 2 O 3 in the 1907 specimen. However, the materials have high genetic homogeneity based on similar geochemical behaviors. Ultrasonic velocity and rebound hardness of the concrete foundation differed due to the residual state, but indicated relatively weak physical properties. Converting the unconfined compressive strength, the 1st extended area had the highest mean values of 45.30 and 46.33 kgf/cm 2 , and the 2nd extended area showed the lowest mean values (20.05 and 24.76 kgf/cm 2 ). In particular, the low CaO content and absorption ratio, the higher ultrasonic velocity and rebound hardness. It seems that the concrete used in the constructions of the Japanese Ministry of General Affairs in Joseon Dynasty had similar mixing characteristics and relatively constant specifications for each year. It is interpreted that the bricks and earthen pipes were through a similar manufacturing process using almost the same raw materials.

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Section: 배경 및 연구방법unclassified

Evaluation and Physicochemical Property for Building Materials from the Japanese Ministry of General Affairs in Joseon Dynasty

Park

Lee

2022

Econ. Environ. Geol.

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Characterization of Stronghold Fortifications by 2D/3D/4D Electrical Resistivity Tomography: Major Push Towards Quantitative Interpretation

Klanica,

Štefan,

Hasil

et al. 2024

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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Geophysical methods are widely used as noninvasive tools for archaeological prospection. In a first step is usually applied basic prospection of vast areas, when data are evaluated only in qualitative way. Sometimes is performed second step, during which take place more detailed multidimensional or combined surveys in order to image archeological monuments complexly, allowing quantitative interpretation. Hence, we used a unique and novel combination of multidimensional electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) on the Early Middle Ages stronghold fortifications at Vinoř (Czechia) to achieve such interpretation. The joint results of 2D/3D/4D (time-lapse) surveys allowed us to precisely characterize individual construction components of the fortifications, including a ditch and rampart enhanced by a front wall with a berm. The ERT results recovered the fortification dimensions and the volume of building material used. The surveyed fortification section was verified by excavations directly after the ERT measurements. A comparison of the excavated section with geophysics proved that ERT was able to infer all the important fortification characteristics. In addition, illustrative picture of the resistivity manifestations of the basic components of this very typical fortification construction were obtained. The results show that multidimensional ERT provide access to quantitative interpretation allowing to explain archaeological structures behind investigated anomalies. In result, sites containing cultural heritage can be leaved intact, excavations can be substituted in surprisingly large extent, while unprecedented amount of archaeological information is still retrieved.

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Archaeometric Implication and Material Characteristics for Bricks and Roof Tiles from the Bogd Khaan Palace and Choijin Lama Temple in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Batbaatar,

Yang,

Lee

2024

Econ. Environ. Geol.

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Material characteristics and building technique for the rammed earth wall of the 13th Korean fortress in Ganghwa

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Evaluation and Physicochemical Property for Building Materials from the Japanese Ministry of General Affairs in Joseon Dynasty

Evaluation and Physicochemical Property for Building Materials from the Japanese Ministry of General Affairs in Joseon Dynasty

Characterization of Stronghold Fortifications by 2D/3D/4D Electrical Resistivity Tomography: Major Push Towards Quantitative Interpretation

Archaeometric Implication and Material Characteristics for Bricks and Roof Tiles from the Bogd Khaan Palace and Choijin Lama Temple in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

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