Materials for lithium-ion battery safety

Li, Kai; Liu, Yayuan; Lin, Dingchang; Pei, Allen; Cui, Yi

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aas9820

Cited by 1,193 publications

(827 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…The relentless pursuit of higher energy density presents challenges in battery safety 8,9. A thinner separator raises the danger of puncturing and the use of lithium metal introduces the possibility of dendrite penetration and shorting.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Draining Over Blocking: Nano‐Composite Janus Separators for Mitigating Internal Shorting of Lithium Batteries

et al. 2020

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Catastrophic battery failure due to internal short is extremely difficult to detect and mitigate. In order to enable the next‐generation lithium‐metal batteries, a “fail safe” mechanism for internal short is highly desirable. Here, a novel separator design and approach is introduced to mitigate the effects of an internal short circuit by limiting the self‐discharge current to prevent cell temperature rise. A nano‐composite Janus separator—with a fully electronically insulating side contacting the anode and a partially electronically conductive (PEC) coating with tunable conductivity contacting the cathode—is implemented to intercept dendrites, control internal short circuit resistance, and slowly drain cell capacity. Galvanostatic cycling experiments demonstrate Li‐metal batteries with the Janus separator perform normally before shorting, which then results in a gradual increase of internal self‐discharge over >25 cycles due to PEC‐mitigated shorting. This is contrasted by a sudden voltage drop and complete failure seen with a single layer separator. Potentiostatic charging abuse tests of Li‐metal pouch cells result in dendrites completely penetrating the single‐layer separator causing high short circuit current and large cell temperature increase; conversely, negligible current and temperature rise occurs with the Janus separator where post mortem electron microscopy shows the PEC layer successfully intercepts dendrites.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Draining Over Blocking: Nano‐Composite Janus Separators for Mitigating Internal Shorting of Lithium Batteries

et al. 2020

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“…Currently, progress in the use of conventional lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) for the electrification of powertrains faces serious challenges. The use of flammable organic liquid electrolytes (LEs) for LIBs raises serious safety concerns . Moreover, the exploitation of alternative electrode chemistries, such as Li metal for LIBs, has been hindered by the intrinsically limited properties of LEs .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ni‐Rich Layered Cathode Materials with Electrochemo‐Mechanically Compliant Microstructures for All‐Solid‐State Li Batteries

Jung

Kim

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

176

104

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While Ni‐rich cathode materials combined with highly conductive and mechanically sinterable sulfide solid electrolytes are imperative for practical all‐solid‐state Li batteries (ASLBs), they suffer from poor performance. Moreover, the prevailing wisdom regarding the use of Li[Ni,Co,Mn]O2 in conventional liquid electrolyte cells, that is, increased capacity upon increased Ni content, at the expense of degraded cycling stability, has not been applied in ASLBs. In this work, the effect of overlooked but dominant electrochemo‐mechanical on the performance of Ni‐rich cathodes in ASLBs are elucidated by complementary analysis. While conventional Li[Ni0.80Co0.16Al0.04]O2 (NCA80) with randomly oriented grains is prone to severe particle disintegration even at the initial cycle, the radially oriented rod‐shaped grains in full‐concentration gradient Li[Ni0.75Co0.10Mn0.15]O2 (FCG75) accommodate volume changes, maintaining mechanical integrity. This accounts for their different performance in terms of reversible capacity (156 vs 196 mA h g−1), initial Coulombic efficiency (71.2 vs 84.9%), and capacity retention (46.9 vs 79.1% after 200 cycles) at 30 °C. The superior interfacial stability for FCG75/Li6PS5Cl to for NCA80/Li6PS5Cl is also probed. Finally, the reversible operation of FCG75/Li ASLBs is demonstrated. The excellent performance of FCG75 ranks at the highest level in the ASLB field.

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“…a) Overheating of the battery system, b) chain‐like side‐reactions caused heat accumulation and gas release in a LIB, and c) combustion and explosion. Reproduced with permission . Copyright, 2019, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).…”

Section: Conventional Solutions For Lib Safety Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Materials and Design toward Safe and Durable Lithium Ion Batteries

et al. 2019

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Smart electrochemical energy storage devices are devices that can operate autonomously to some extent. Although the conventional electrochemical energy storage devices, e.g., the commonly used lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), may be externally monitored in terms of their voltage and current output to reflect the state of health for the devices, it is extremely important to exploit materials and devices that are intrinsically smart enough to be capable of rapidly self‐detecting and responding to faults, such as interior short circuits, overheating, abnormal capacity drop, and other types of mechanical/chemical damage. These “smart” features could significantly enhance the safety characteristics and durability of LIBs, which is essential for future usage. Therefore, recent achievements toward smart materials and design strategies for safer and more durable LIBs are summarized. The main categories are as follows: 1) New materials: This category mainly includes smart electrode materials with thermal/electrical/mechanical self‐response functions, and self‐response separators to suppress thermal runaway/lithium dendrite growth; 2) New chemistries: This category mainly includes electrolytes with reversible self‐protecting functions; and 3) New architectures with novel functions, such as shape‐recovery, self‐heating, and self‐monitoring. Besides the working mechanisms, the challenges that must be overcome for smart LIBs to be adopted in practical applications are also discussed.

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Materials for lithium-ion battery safety

Abstract: We summarize the origins of lithium-ion battery safety issues and discuss recent progress in materials design to improve safety.

Cited by 1,193 publications

References 110 publications

Draining Over Blocking: Nano‐Composite Janus Separators for Mitigating Internal Shorting of Lithium Batteries

Draining Over Blocking: Nano‐Composite Janus Separators for Mitigating Internal Shorting of Lithium Batteries

Ni‐Rich Layered Cathode Materials with Electrochemo‐Mechanically Compliant Microstructures for All‐Solid‐State Li Batteries

Smart Materials and Design toward Safe and Durable Lithium Ion Batteries

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