Materials, preparation, and characterization of PVA/MMT nanocomposite hydrogels: A review

Abstract

This article presents a review of studies on materials, preparation, properties, and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite hydrogels. The structure and properties of Montmorillonite, the nanoclay used in the manufacture of PVA nanocomposites and techniques for making PVA nanocomposite hydrogels have been reviewed. The characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) are also studied. The XRD patterns and TEM images have proven the intercalated and exfoliated structures of PVA nanocomposite hydrogels that is due to the presence of nanoclay layers. Investigation of FT‐IR spectra shows the bonding formation between OH and silanol groups of PVA and Montmorillonite. Also, the results of DSC and DMA indicated a decrease in crystallinity and the glass transition temperature of PVA by the incorporation of nanoclay, while the loss modulus is increased compared to that of pure PVA. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:1086–1102, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

Preparation and characterization of poly(sodium acrylate/cement clinker) DN hydrogel composites

“…b,c), the CC was consumed by residual acid ions in the hybrid and failed to hydrate to form an inorganic hydrogel network, resulting in the hydrogel initially having a higher water absorption rate and approaching the P(NaA‐AA) hydrogel yet in the late period appearing collapse phenomenon and lose water absorbing ability. The cross‐link density has a crucial influence on the water absorption properties of the hydrogel . As the amount of CC increases, the cross‐link density of the composite hydrogel increases, which reduces its water absorption capacity.…”

Cryostructuring of Polymeric Systems. 55. Retrospective View on the More than 40 Years of Studies Performed in the A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds with Respect of the Cryostructuring Processes in Polymeric Systems

“…Currently, the studies on cryostructuring processes and the development of related novel polymeric materials are intensively carried out in many countries. This assertion is illustrated by the origins of the respective review articles published by authors from all continents (excluding Antarctica, of course): Africa [ 71 ], Asia [ 8 , 10 , 11 , 14 , 18 , 20 , 24 , 25 , 30 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 42 , 45 , 48 , 49 , 53 , 62 , 69 , 70 , 73 , 78 , 80 , 83 , 84 , 102 , 106 , 108 , 117 , 122 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 142 , 143 , 145 ], Australia [ 59 , 119 , 126 , 127 ], Europe [ 6 , 7 , 19 , 21 , 22 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 40 , 41 ,…”

“…Various composite cryogels and cryostructurates containing different dispersed fillers entrapped inside the polymeric matrix have been the matters of both basic studies and applied elaborations (for reviews, see [ 5 , 12 , 13 , 22 , 39 , 64 , 65 , 68 , 74 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 148 , 149 , 150 ]). The interest in such macroporous and supermacroporous composite materials is mainly stipulated by their high potential for the use in practice.…”

“…(i) The preparation of the suspension of the disperse filler in the feed solutions followed by the freeze–thaw structuring of the system, thus yielding the target composite [ 5 , 13 , 22 , 39 , 65 , 68 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 148 , 149 , 150 ]. Here, the specific case is the use of the mycelial fungi spores as the fillers, when the composite matrix, after its formation, is placed in the growth nutritional medium for the mycelium development.…”

“…In the last decades, the application of the cryostructuring processes for the preparation of materials based on natural or synthetic polymers featuring a desired set of properties, the study of such materials and their use are the subjects of scientific and applied activities in many countries [ 26 ]. The references to the above-indicated publications [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , ...…”