Maternal caffeine consumption and risk of cardiovascular malformations

Abstract

Our study found no evidence for an appreciable teratogenic effect of caffeine with regard to CVMs.

Maternal caffeine intake and risk of selected birth defects in the national birth defects prevention study

“…Among those studies that have assessed maternal caffeine consumption and the risk of specific birth defects are several previous studies using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS). No statistically significant associations with maternal dietary caffeine intake overall were observed for congenital heart defects (Browne et al, 2007), orofacial clefts (Collier et al, 2009), or bilateral renal agenesis or hypoplasia (Slickers et al, 2008); a borderline statistically significant odds ratio (OR, 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-2.2) was noted for anorectal atresia (Miller et al, 2009); and a statistically significant OR (1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9) was detected for spina bifida (Schmidt et al, 2009).…”

Maternal caffeine consumption and risk of neural tube defects

“…An estimate of total maternal caffeine consumption was determined from the sum of the reported average caffeine consumed per day from coffee, tea, soda, and chocolate for the year before pregnancy. Interview questions used to assess caffeine consumption are provided elsewhere (Browne et al, 2007). Exposure to caffeine in medications during the periconceptional period, one month before pregnancy through the third month of pregnancy, was examined but not combined into the measure of total caffeine consumption during the year before pregnancy because of the different time periods assessed.…”

Effect of Caffeine Chronically Consumed During Pregnancy on Adenosine A1 and A2A Receptors Signaling in Both Maternal and Fetal Heart from Wistar Rats

“…35 Caffeine is widely consumed, even during pregnancy, 36,37 and its reproductive and developmental risks have been evaluated. 38 Although caffeine has not been shown to be teratogenic in humans, even with regard to cardiovascular malformations, 39 consumption during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortions and reduced birth weight, 40,41 particularly for those consuming 300 mg caffeine/day or more. 42 In murine models, a single dose of caffeine during embryogenesis results in increased body fat and altered cardiac function in adulthood, indicating that caffeine exposure during early development can have long-lasting adverse effects, 43 and can even disrupt embryonic cardiac function.…”