Maternal Diet Fatty Acid Composition Affects Neurodevelopment in Rat Pups

Saste, Monisha D.; Carver, Jane D.; Stockard, Janet E.; Benford, Valerie J; Chen, Li T.; Phelps, Christopher

doi:10.1093/jn/128.4.740

Cited by 69 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These results support previous findings that excess maternal ω-3 FA during pregnancy and lactation had adverse ABR effects in rat pups [20,40,44]. Our results extend these previous studies in several ways.…”

Section: Effects On the Abrsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This allowed the testing of sex-dependent differences and controlled for within-litter effects by limiting the number of pups tested from any one litter. Rat pups were ABR-tested on PND 24 to simulate the studies by Stockard and her colleagues [20,40,44]. The rat ABR is well-developed by PND 24 [16].…”

Section: Abr Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ABR is a sensitive measure of peripheral and central neurotoxicity, auditory function [13] and brain maturation [16]. We sought to expand the findings of Stockard and colleagues [20,40,44] by adding a deficient ω-3 FA group as a negative control group, using different tone pip frequencies instead of click stimuli to see at which tonal frequencies beneficial and/or adverse effects occur, controlling for the confounding variables of body temperature and within-litter effects, and looking at ABR thresholds instead of ABR latencies. ABR thresholds are a measure of a subject's hearing acuity [13,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have touted the benefits on fetal and infant development from dietary ω-3 FA supplementation during pregnancy and lactation. These benefits include enhanced fetal and infant brain development [2,8,23,40,[46][47][48] and a possible reduction in the incidence and severity of preterm births by prolonging gestational length [31,41,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prenatal and/or postnatal dietary supplementation with excess ω-3 FA can reduce birth weight, impair postnatal growth, increase pre-and postnatal mortality, decrease brain sizes, decrease AA levels, decrease brain myelination and/or cause abnormal neurobehavioral function [20,34,36,49,51] and abnormal retinal function [25,52]. ABR studies investigating excess ω-3 FA supplementation in pregnant and lactating rats reported that the offspring had prolonged ABR wave latencies as well as a delay in the acoustic startle reflex and a decrease in brain AA concentrations when tested as postweanling pups [20,40,44]. The prolonged brainstem neural transmission times was related to impaired myelination [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced auditory acuity in rat pups from excess and deficient omega-3 fatty acid consumption by the mother

Church

Jen

Stafferton

et al. 2007

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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Consumption of the nutrients omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA) during pregnancy and lactation is considered beneficial to fetal and infant development. It may also reduce the incidence and severity of preterm births by prolonging gestational length. However several recent human and animal studies have reported that over-supplementation with ω-3 FA, especially in the form of fish oil, can have adverse effects on fetal and infant development and the auditory brainstem response (ABR). Our goal was to assess further the effects of ω-3 FA excess and deficiency during pregnancy and lactation on the offspring's auditory acuity as evidenced by their ABR thresholds. Female Wistar rats were given diets that were either deficient, adequate (control) or excess in ω-3 FA from day 1 of pregnancy through lactation. The offspring were ABR-tested at the postnatal age of 24 days. The rat pups in the Excess treatment condition had significantly elevated (worse) ABR thresholds, postnatal growth restriction, and a trend for increased postnatal mortality in comparison to the Control group. The Deficient group was intermediate. In conclusion, excess or deficient amounts of ω-3 FA during pregnancy and lactation in the laboratory rat adversely affected the offspring's auditory acuity. Postnatal thriving was also adversely affected. Consuming or administering large or inadequate amounts of ω-3 FA during pregnancy and lactation seems inadvisable because of the potential for adverse effects on infant development.

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Section: Effects On the Abrsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Abr Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Reduced auditory acuity in rat pups from excess and deficient omega-3 fatty acid consumption by the mother

Church

Jen

Stafferton

et al. 2007

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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Effects of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) on fatty acid availability and neural tube formation in cynomolgus macaque, Macaca fascicularis

Moran

Hendrickx

Shideler

et al. 2004

Birth Defects Research Pt B

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2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is known to alter carbohydrate utilization and specific steps in lipid metabolism. TCDD interacts with estradiol in mobilizing specific fatty acids in chickens that may be a cause of cranial/beak malformations in this species. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that TCDD simultaneously alters critical fatty acid mobilization during early pregnancy and determine if those changes correlate to morphological defects of the developing neural tube in the nonhuman primate. Cynomolgus macaques were treated with a single dose of 4 microg/kg body weight (BW) TCDD on gestational day 15 or 20. Pregnancies were terminated by hysterectomy on gestational day 24-26 and embryos were examined to determine morphology of the developing neural tube. Maternal blood samples were used for fatty acid quantification. Embryos exhibited cellular changes, mainly increased cell death, and intercellular spaces in the neural tube, suggestive of an adverse effect on the developing nervous system. Significant decreases on fatty acid composition were found on some of the eight classes of lipids analyzed. Particularly, a decrease was observed in the n-3 (40-60%) and n-6 (47-75%) essential fatty acids in treated pregnancies compared to untreated controls. These data demonstrate the effect of TCDD in decreasing maternal levels of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids that are considered necessary for normal development in mammals. Since neural tube development is dependent, in part, on n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, it is possible that the limitation of these essential fatty acids in plasma resulted in the observed detrimental effects on early brain development.

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Mild carbon monoxide exposure and auditory function in the developing rat

Stockard-Sullivan

Korsak

Webber

et al. 2003

J of Neuroscience Research

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We have examined the influence of chronic mild exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) on cognitive (learning) and auditory function in the developing rat. We have demonstrated that the auditory pathway is compromised at exposures less than 50 ppm, whereas learning was not influenced at 100 ppm. Artificially reared rat pups were exposed to CO during the brain growth spurt and onset of myelination. Spatial learning was assessed using the Morris Water Maze and three tests of auditory function: (1) auditory brainstem conduction times; (2) the amplitude of the eighth nerve's action potential; and (3) otoacoustic emissions carried out on rat pups (age 22- 24 days). The pups were gastrostomy-reared on a rat milk substitute and chronically exposed to CO at discrete concentrations in the range of 12-100 ppm from 6 days of age to post-weaning at 21-23 days of age. We found no difference in auditory brainstem conduction times at all CO concentrations in comparison to non-exposed controls. There was a difference in otoacoustic emissions for test and controls at CO concentrations of 50 ppm but not at lower concentrations. There was a consistent attenuation of the amplitude of the eighth nerve's action potential, even at the lowest CO exposure examined. The attenuation of the amplitude of the action potential of the eighth nerve at 50 ppm carbon monoxide exposure did not completely recover by 73 days of age. We conclude that prolonged mild exposure to carbon monoxide during development causes measurable functional changes at the level of the eighth cranial nerve.

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Maternal Diet Fatty Acid Composition Affects Neurodevelopment in Rat Pups

Cited by 69 publications

References 31 publications

Reduced auditory acuity in rat pups from excess and deficient omega-3 fatty acid consumption by the mother

Reduced auditory acuity in rat pups from excess and deficient omega-3 fatty acid consumption by the mother

Effects of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) on fatty acid availability and neural tube formation in cynomolgus macaque, Macaca fascicularis

Mild carbon monoxide exposure and auditory function in the developing rat

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