Maternal dietary caffeine consumption and risk of birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2011

Abstract

Background: Caffeine consumption is common during pregnancy, but published associations with birth defects are mixed. We updated estimates of associations between prepregnancy caffeine consumption and 48 specific birth defects from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) for deliveries from 1997 to 2011.Methods: NBDPS was a large population-based case-control study conducted in 10 U.S. states. We categorized self-reported total dietary caffeine consumption (mg/day) from coffee, tea, soda, and chocolate as: <10, 10 to <100, 100 to <200, 200 to <300, and ≥ 300. We used logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs [95% confidence intervals]). Analyses for defects with ≥5 exposed case children were adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, age at delivery, body mass index, early pregnancy cigarette smoking and alcohol use, and study site. Results: Our analysis included 30,285 case and 11,502 control children, with mothers of 52% and 54%, respectively, reporting consuming <100 mg caffeine, and 11% of mothers of both cases and controls reported consuming ≥300 mg per day. Low (10 to <100 mg/day) levels of prepregnancy caffeine consumption were associated with statistically significant increases in aORs (1.2-1.7) for 10 defects. Associations with high (≥300 mg/day) levels of caffeine were generally weaker, except for craniosynostosis and aortic stenosis (aORsConclusions: Given the large number of estimates generated, some of the statistically significant results may be due to chance and thus the weakly increased aORs should be interpreted cautiously. This study supports previous observations suggesting lack of evidence for meaningful associations between caffeine consumption and the studied birth defects.

Factors associated with infant sex and preterm birth status for selected birth defects from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2011

“…consumption and birth defects, including transverse limb deficiency (Williford et al, 2023). We observed that the association of caffeine consumption from soda differed between male preterm and female preterm compared with female term births among infants with transverse limb deficiency.…”

“…Caffeine consumption was identified as an important predictor for sex‐preterm birth status multiple models among infants with transverse limb deficiency (caffeine from soda) or gastroschisis (caffeine from coffee). Previous NBDPS analyses have observed some small, elevated effect estimates between pre‐pregnancy total caffeine consumption and birth defects, including transverse limb deficiency (Williford et al, 2023). We observed that the association of caffeine consumption from soda differed between male preterm and female preterm compared with female term births among infants with transverse limb deficiency.…”

Instituto de pesquisa café e saúde: Prevenção de doenças e melhora da qualidade de vida

“…Estes benefícios têm de ser ponderados em função de alguns potenciais riscos associados ao consumo de café, como ansiedade, insônia, cefaleias, tremor e palpitações, sintomas que surgem mais frequentemente como consequência de um consumo de doses mais elevadas de café (O' Keefe et al, 2018;Poole et al, 2017) e muitas vezes resultantes de outros fatores associados ao consumo de café (consumo de tabaco, álcool). Também, mulheres gestantes deverão ter em conta o possível impacto do café no desenvolvimento fetal (Jafari et al, 2022;Williford et al, 2023), nos partos prematuros (L. W. Chen et al, 2016;Greenwood et al, 2014;Z. X. Li et al, 2016;Rhee et al, 2015) e aborto espontâneo (Jafari et al, 2022;Lyngsø et al, 2017) , assim como as questões em aberto sobre o impacto do consumo de café na osteoporose e fraturas associadas (Hallstrom et al, 2013;Johansson et al, 1992;Kiel et al, 1990).…”