Maternal exercise in rats upregulates the placental insulin‐like growth factor system with diet‐ and sex‐specific responses: minimal effects in mothers born growth restricted

Mangwiro, Yeukai; Cuffe, James; Briffa, Jessica F.; Mahizir, Dayana; Anevska, Kristina; Jefferies, Andrew J.; Hosseini, Sogand; Romano, Tania; Wlodek, Mary E.

doi:10.1113/jp275758

Cited by 30 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…20 During pregnancy, rats exercised in progressively shorter duration and speed (17 m/min for 50 minutes in week 1, 13 m/min for 30 minutes in week 2, and 11 m/min for 20 minutes in week 3). Rats were exercised on a motorized treadmill (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH, USA) 5 days a week followed by 2 days of rest.…”

Section: Exercise Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise improves metabolic function and alters the microbiome in rats with gestational diabetes

et al. 2019

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are Co-senior authors.Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; E, embryonic day; Exercise, Exercise before and during pregnancy; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; HFD, high-fat diet; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; PregEx, Exercise during pregnancy only; qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction; RNA, ribonucleic acid; SRY, sex-determining region y; X-TOT, total number of x-axis beam breaks. AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication, particularly prevalent in obese women. Importantly, exercise has beneficial impacts on maternal glucose control and may prevent GDM in "at-risk" women. We aimed to determine whether a high-fat diet (HFD) exacerbates metabolic dysfunction and alters gut microbiome in GDM and whether endurance exercise prevents these changes. Uteroplacental insufficiency was induced by bilateral uterine vessel ligation (Restricted) or sham (Control) surgery on E18 in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Female offspring were fed a Chow or HFD (23% fat) from weaning (5 weeks) and at 16 weeks randomly allocated to remain Sedentary or to an exercise protocol of either Exercise prior to and during pregnancy (Exercise); or Exercise during pregnancy only (PregEx). Females were mated (20 weeks) and underwent indirect calorimetry (embryonic day 16; E16), glucose tolerance testing (E18), followed by 24-hr feces collection at E19 (n = 8-10/group). HFD consumption in female rats with GDM exacerbated the adverse metabolic adaptations to pregnancy and altered gut microbial populations. Specifically, the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio was increased, due to an underlying change in abundance of the orders Clostridiales and Bacteroidales.Maternal Exercise, but not PregEx, prevented the development of metabolic dysfunction, increased pancreatic β-cell mass, and prevented the alteration of the gut microbiome in GDM females. Our findings suggest that maternal exercise and diet influence metabolic and microbiome dysfunction in females with GDM, which may impact long-term maternal and offspring health. K E Y W O R D S exercise training, fetal programming, gestational diabetes, microbiome, obesity, pregnancy adaptations How to cite this article: Mahizir D, Briffa JF, Wood JL, et al. Exercise improves metabolic function and alters the microbiome in rats with gestational diabetes.

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Section: Exercise Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Maternal blood was collected via cardiac puncture and the pancreas, gastrocnemius, and dorsal fat were excised, weighed, snap frozen, and stored at -80°C. F2 fetuses were weighed and sexed using Sry qPCR on fetal tails as previously described.…”

Section: Postmortem Tissue Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise improves metabolic function and alters the microbiome in rats with gestational diabetes

et al. 2019

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“…At 20 weeks of age, F1 females were mated with normal males (Mangwiro et al . ). For an overview of animal allocations with sample sizes, see Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…We recently demonstrated that the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) system is dysregulated in placentae from F2 offspring of mothers born growth restricted (Mangwiro et al . ). A key finding of this study was that maternal exercise initiated before and continued throughout pregnancy (termed ‘ Exercise ’), but not exercise initiated in the final two‐thirds of pregnancy (termed ‘ PregEx ’), increased fetal weight (Mangwiro et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Importantly, mRNA and protein regulation of the IGF system were significantly altered with PregEx , but not Exercise, suggesting a placental adaptive response to alterations in the maternal metabolic system (Mangwiro et al . ). As previous studies have demonstrated that maternal metabolic status influences the placental IGF system and nutrient transportation (Fowden et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Exercise initiated during pregnancy in rats born growth restricted alters placental mTOR and nutrient transporter expression

Mangwiro

Cuffe

Mahizir

et al. 2019

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points Fetal growth is dependent on effective placental nutrient transportation, which is regulated by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 modulation of nutrient transporter expression. These transporters are dysregulated in pregnancies affected by uteroplacental insufficiency and maternal obesity. Nutrient transporters and mTOR were altered in placentae of mothers born growth restricted compared to normal birth weight dams, with maternal diet‐ and fetal sex‐specific responses. Exercise initiated during pregnancy downregulated mTOR protein expression, despite an increase in mTOR activation in male associated placentae, and reduced nutrient transporter gene abundance, which was also dependent on maternal diet and fetal sex. Limited changes were characterized with exercise initiated before and continued throughout pregnancy in nutrient transporter and mTOR expression. Maternal exercise during pregnancy differentially regulated mTOR and nutrient transporters in a diet‐ and sex‐specific manner, which likely aimed to improve late gestational placental growth and neonatal survival. Abstract Adequate transplacental nutrient delivery is essential for fetoplacental development. Intrauterine growth restriction and maternal obesity independently alter placental nutrient transporter expression. Although exercise is beneficial for maternal health, limited studies have characterized how the timing of exercise initiation influences placental nutrient transport. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of maternal exercise on placental mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and nutrient transporter expression in growth restricted mothers and whether these outcomes were dependent on maternal diet or fetal sex. Uteroplacental insufficiency or sham surgery was induced on embryonic day (E) 18 in Wistar–Kyoto rats. F1 offspring were fed a chow or high‐fat diet from weaning and at 16 weeks were randomly allocated to an exercise protocol: sedentary, exercised prior to and during pregnancy, or exercised during pregnancy only. Females were mated with normal males (20 weeks) and F2 placentae collected at E20. Exercise during pregnancy only, reduced mTOR protein expression in all groups and increased mTOR activation in male associated placentae. Exercise during pregnancy only, decreased the expression of amino acid transporters in a diet‐ and sex‐specific manner. Maternal growth restriction altered mTOR and system A amino acid transporter expression in a sex‐ and diet‐specific manner. These data highlight that maternal exercise initiated during pregnancy alters placental mTOR expression, which may directly regulate amino acid transporter expression, to a greater extent than exercise initiated prior to and continued during pregnancy, in a diet‐ and fetal sex‐dependent manner. These findings highlight that the timing of exercise initiation is important for optimal placental function.

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Protective effect of aerobic training and micro-curcumin supplementation on motor dysfunction in offspring mice exposed to gestational lead

et al. 2023

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This study aimed to evaluate maternal aerobic training and curcumin (Cur) supplementation in protecting motor function (e.g., muscle strength and muscle relaxant activity) from the harmful effects of maternal lead nitrate (Pb(NO 3 ) 2 ) exposure in female and male offspring BALB/c mice. The experimental groups included healthy group, intraperitoneally Micro-Cur-treated group (50 mg/kg of body weight), aerobic training group (once a day during 8 weeks of experiments), aerobic training group exposed to Pb(NO 3 ) 2(2 mg/kg) through drinking water during breeding and pregnancy, and aerobic training group treated with Micro-Cur and exposed to Pb(NO 3 ) 2 through drinking water during breeding and pregnancy. The prepregnancy training program was performed 5 times a week for 4 weeks at a speed of 10 to 12 m/min (75% VO 2 max). All offspring were grouped based on the maternal groups, and the motor function was evaluated using inclined plane, linear wire hang, and grip strength tests. Our results indicated that maternal Pb(NO 3 ) 2 exposure signi cantly decreased muscle strength and muscle relaxant activity, especially in males. These adverse effects were compensated by maternal aerobic training and Cur supplementation. The maximum of this compensation was observed in the maternal aerobic training group treated with Cur supplementation. Moreover, maternal aerobic training and Cur supplementation synergistically protected motor function in offspring mice from the adverse effects of maternal Pb(NO 3 ) 2 exposure, probably through different physiological mechanisms.

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Maternal exercise in rats upregulates the placental insulin‐like growth factor system with diet‐ and sex‐specific responses: minimal effects in mothers born growth restricted

Cited by 30 publications

References 61 publications

Exercise improves metabolic function and alters the microbiome in rats with gestational diabetes

Exercise improves metabolic function and alters the microbiome in rats with gestational diabetes

Exercise initiated during pregnancy in rats born growth restricted alters placental mTOR and nutrient transporter expression

Protective effect of aerobic training and micro-curcumin supplementation on motor dysfunction in offspring mice exposed to gestational lead

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