Maternal morbidity and mortality associated with interpregnancy interval: cross sectional study

Conde-Agudelo, Agustín

doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7271.1255

Cited by 399 publications

(318 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The reason for prolonged birth interval and pre -eclampsia was not quite clear but prolonged period could be due to factors such as change of paternity and possibly sub fecundity, which predispose to pre -eclampsia [28]. It remains too studied if this association is simply because women who conceive early in marriage are usually nulliparous, which is an independent risk factor [29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Socio-Demographic and Other Risk Factors of Pre Eclampsia at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Karnataka: Case Control Study

Gandhi

Rao

2014

JCDR

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Background: Pre-eclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aetiopathogenesis of this condition involves combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. The aim of the study was to determine the socio demographic and other risk factors of pre-eclampsia. Materials and Methods:A case control study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, Karnataka among 100 cases of pre-eclampsia and 200 controls without pre eclampsia. Non probability purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the study subjects. Data was collected by using a pre tested semi structured questionnaire which included information related to socio-demographic and other known risk factors of pre eclampsia. Primary data was collected by interviewing study subjects and secondary data of cases was obtained from case records. Data was analysed using SPSS. Results:Study subjects included 100 cases and 200 controls. Age of less than 20 y (OR=3.8), monthly income of less than Rs4000 (OR=6.8), age of menarche of less than 12 y (OR=13.1), family h/o pre eclampsia (OR=36.0), family h/o Diabetes (OR=44.9), family h/o hypertension (OR=16.7) and previous h/o PIH (OR=58.5) are found to be significant risk factors of pre eclampsia. Conclusion:The significant risk factors may be used for screening pre-eclampsia during registration of pregnancy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Socio-Demographic and Other Risk Factors of Pre Eclampsia at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Karnataka: Case Control Study

Gandhi

Rao

2014

JCDR

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“…We found no evidence that these associations were due to social status or other unobserved confounding factors shared within couples (frailty analyses). Other studies have found that short birth intervals are associated with increased morbidity and mortality for women (27). The physiological mechanisms underlying the impact of reproduction on parental longevity are unclear, although for women, they may be due to insufficient time to recover from the stress from the previous pregnancy (''maternal depletion syndrome'' hypothesis) (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential fitness costs of reproduction between the sexes

Penn

Smith

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

154

116

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Natural selection does not necessarily favor maximal reproduction because reproduction imposes fitness costs, reducing parental survival, and offspring quality. Here, we show that parents in a preindustrial population in North America incurred fitness costs from reproduction, and women incurred greater costs than men. We examined the survivorship and reproductive success (Darwinian fitness) of 21,684 couples married between 1860 and 1895 identified in the Utah Population Database. We found that increasing number of offspring (parity) and rates of reproduction were associated with reduced parental survivorship, and significantly more for mothers than fathers. Parental mortality resulted in reduced survival and reproduction of offspring, and the mothers' mortality was more detrimental to offspring than the fathers'. Increasing family size was associated with lower offspring survival, primarily for later-born children, indicating a tradeoff between offspring quantity versus quality. Also, we found that the costs of reproduction increased with age more for women than men. Our findings help to explain some puzzling aspects of human reproductive physiology and behavior, including the evolution of menopause and fertility declines associated with improvements in women's status (demographic transitions).maternal depletion ͉ menopause ͉ reproductive effort ͉ biodemography ͉ life-history tradeoff T he idea that reproduction confers fitness costs and benefits is central to evolutionary life-history theory, and evidence for reproductive costs has been found in a variety of species (1-3), including humans (4, 5). The evidence in humans is mixed (6) and controversial (7,8), and so more studies would help to solve this important question. Also, it is widely assumed that women have higher costs of reproduction than men because of enduring pregnancy, childbirth, and lactation, but evidence is lacking. Studies on women show that high parity and low birth spacing are associated with reduced health (9), postreproductive survival (10-13), and offspring quality (14, 15). There are only a few studies on men, and they suggest that men incur no fitness costs for reproduction (16,17). Taken together, the evidence supports the idea that women incur greater reproductive costs than men. However, the studies on men were mainly conducted on aristocrats and industrial societies, and men in most societies probably have not been so sheltered from the costs of reproduction. Thus, more studies are needed, especially large, longitudinal studies on couples living in preindustrial societies. Our aim was to examine the fitness costs of reproduction for husbands versus wives in an historical, 19th-century population in North America facing resource limitations, because a previous study suggested that both sexes in this population incurred fitness costs for reproduction (12).Determining the relative costs of reproduction for the sexes is relevant to understanding the evolution of some puzzling aspects of human physiology and behavior. For example, menopa...

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“…Low birth weight, premature birth and small for gestational age are among its consequences to babies [2]. To women, they are more likely to suffer from third trimester bleeding, premature rupture of membrane and anemia [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and Attitude towards Family Planning Practice and Prevalence of Short Birth Spacing Among Residents of Suburban Area in Terengganu, Malaysia

Shafei¹,

Shah²,

Ismail³

2012

J Community Med Health Edu

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Introduction: Family planning allows couples to determine and ascertain the desired number of children as well as the spacing of their births. Short birth spacing has negative effects on mothers, children as well as the family. The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of family planning practice and short birth spacing among married couples residing suburban area and to determine their knowledge and attitude levels towards family planning practice.

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Maternal morbidity and mortality associated with interpregnancy interval: cross sectional study

Cited by 399 publications

References 16 publications

Socio-Demographic and Other Risk Factors of Pre Eclampsia at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Karnataka: Case Control Study

Socio-Demographic and Other Risk Factors of Pre Eclampsia at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Karnataka: Case Control Study

Differential fitness costs of reproduction between the sexes

Knowledge and Attitude towards Family Planning Practice and Prevalence of Short Birth Spacing Among Residents of Suburban Area in Terengganu, Malaysia

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