Mathematical modelling of a potential tsunami associated with a late glacial submarine landslide in the Sea of Marmara

Özeren, M. Sinan; Çağatay, M. Namık; Postacıoğlu, Nazmi; Şengör, A. M. Celâl; Görür, Nací; Eriş, Kürşad Kadir

doi:10.1007/s00367-010-0191-1

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Gazioğlu et al, 2002;Altinok et al, 2003;Gazioğlu et al, 2005;Gökçeoğlu et al, 2009;Görür and Çağatay, 2010;Özeren et al, 2010). A large part of these studies focused on two main landslides: the Ganos Complex (Gazioğlu et al, 2002;Altinok et al, 2003;Gazioğlu et al, 2005) and the Tuzla Complex (Gazioğlu et al, 2002Gökçeoğlu et al, 2009;Görür and Çağatay, 2010;Özeren et al, 2010).…”

Section: Morpho-sedimentary Contextmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The slopes of the Sea of Marmara, that have been intensively surveyed since the 1999 Izmit-Kocaeli earthquake, display numerous morphological signs of recent mass wasting processes (Gazioğlu et al, 2002;Görür and Çağatay, 2010;Özeren et al, 2010). This paper focuses on the various types of slope instabilities participating in the shaping of the Sea of Marmara basins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Distribution, morphology and triggers of submarine mass wasting in the Sea of Marmara

et al. 2012

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An overview is given of mass wasting features along the slopes of the Sea of Marmara, Turkey, based on new data and previously published information. The Sea of Marmara is characterized by active tectonics along the North Anatolian Fault and by eustatic sea level changes controlling the connections both to the Mediterranean and Black Sea (i.e. lacustrine and marine conditions during sea-level low and high stands, respectively). High resolution bathymetric data, subsurface echo-sounder and seismic reflection profiling, seafloor visual observations, as well as stratigraphic analysis of sediment cores have been used to identify, map and date submarine slope failures and mass wasting deposits. Gravity mass movements are widespread on the steep slopes of the Sea of Marmara, and range from small scale slope failures, mainly located within the canyons, to wider unstable areas (20 to 80 km 2 ). The largest mass wasting features, i.e. the Tuzla, Ganos and Yalova complexes, have been analyzed in connection with crustal deformation. These gravitational gliding masses are probably induced by the transtensional deformation within the crust. Moreover, age determination of landslides and debris flows indicate that they were more frequent during the last transgressive phase, when the rate of terrigenous sediments supplied by the canyons to the deep basin was higher. We discuss these results taking into account activity, pre-conditioning and trigger mechanisms for slope instability with respect to tectonics and paleo-environmental changes induced by sea-level oscillations.

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Section: Morpho-sedimentary Contextmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Distribution, morphology and triggers of submarine mass wasting in the Sea of Marmara

et al. 2012

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“…5A shows the locations of the multichannel seismic profiles that were used to identify them. Figure 6 shows the eastern sector of our study area, consisting essentially of the Çınarcık Basin (Le Pichon et al 2001;Ateş et al 2003;Carton 2005;Ş engör et al 2005;Laigle et al 2008;Uçarkuş 2010) and regions to its north (Gökçeoglu et al 2009;Özeren et al 2010; for the neotectonics of the land area see Ş engör 2011) and south (including the İmralı Basin: Okay et al 2000;Sorlien et al 2012). Çınarcık Basin is a critical area because the exact manner of the westward prolongation of the faults from it to the Central High remains unclear.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2) main displacement zone(s), constituting the North Anatolian Fault. To study the manner of that localisation, the Sea of Marmara appears to be an ideal location, because a large number of both multichannel seismic and chirp profiles, shallow gravity cores (down to 30 m from the seafloor, some of which are now dated and enabled assessments to be made of the sedimentological events recognised in them: Beck et al 2007;Eriş et al 2012;Çag atay et al, in press), a number of deeper hydrocarbon exploration wells, recent seismic studies including the water column itself, plus a complete, detailed bathymetric coverage are available (for references prior to , see Ş engör et al 2005Armijo et al 2005;Carton 2005;Gaziog lu et al 2005;Bécel 2006;Cormier et al 2006;Seeber et al 2006;Carton et al 2007;Dolu et al 2007;Géli et al 2008;Laigle et al 2008;Kuşçu 2009;Bécel et al 2010;Özeren et al 2010;Ş engör et al 2011;Gasperini et al 2012;Shillington et al 2012;Sorlien et al 2012;Zitter et al 2012;Le Pichon et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The geometry of the North Anatolian transform fault in the Sea of Marmara and its temporal evolution: implications for the development of intracontinental transform faults

et al. 2014

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The North Anatolian Fault is a 1200 km long strike-slip fault system connecting the East Anatolian convergent area with the Hellenic subduction zone and, as such, represents an intracontinental transform fault. It began forming some 13-11 Ma ago within a keirogen, called the North Anatolian Shear Zone, which becomes wider from east to west. Its width is maximum at the latitude of the Sea of Marmara, where it is 100 km. The Marmara Basin is unique in containing part of an active strike-slip fault system in a submarine environment in which there has been active sedimentation in a Paratethyan context where stratigraphic resolution is higher than elsewhere in the Mediterranean. It is also surrounded by a long-civilised rim where historical records reach well into the second half of the first millennium BCE (before common era). In this study, we have used 210 multichannel seismic reflexion profiles, adding up to 6210 km profile length and high-resolution bathymetry and chirp profiles reported in the literature to map all the faults that are younger than the Oligocene. Within these faults, we have distinguished those that cut the surface and those that do not. Among the ones that do not cut the surface, we have further created a timetable of fault generation based on seismic sequence recognition. The results are surprising in that faults of all orientations contain subsets that are active and others that are inactive. This suggests that as the shear zone evolves, faults of all orientations become activated and deactivated in a manner that now seems almost haphazard, but a tendency is noticed to confine the overall movement to a zone that becomes narrower with time since the inception of the shear zone, i.e., the whole keirogen, at its full width. In basins, basin margins move outward with time, whereas highs maintain their faults free of sediment cover, making their dating difficult, but small perched basins on top of them in places make relative dating possible. In addition, these basins permit comparison of geological history of the highs with those of the neighbouring basins. The two westerly deeps within the Sea of Marmara seem inherited structures from the earlier Rhodope-Pontide fragment/Sakarya continent collision, but were much accentuated by the rise of the intervening highs during the shear evolution. When it is assumed that below 10 km depth the faults that now constitute the Marmara fault family might have widths approaching 4 km, the resulting picture resembles a large version of an amphibolite-grade shear zone fabric, an inference in agreement with the scale-independent structure of shear zones. We think that the North Anatolian Fault at depth has such a fabric not only on a meso, but also on a macro scale. Detection of such broad, vertical shear zones in Precambrian terrains may be one way to get a handle on relative plate motion directions during those remote times.Résumé : La faille nord-anatolienne est constituée d'un système de failles décrochantes d'une longueur de 1200 km qui relie le secteur conve...

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“…In the Marmara Sea, the response of sedimentary systems to the seismic activity has been investigated throughout detailed stratigraphic comparisons between the timing of mass wasting events and the timing of earthquakes (McHugh et al, 2006;Beck et al, 2007;Drab et al, 2012Drab et al, , 2015. Multibeam and seismic reflection data revealed the signature of numerous submarine landslides (Grall et al, 2012, 20 2013), among which some may have triggered tsunamis (Hébert et al, 2005;Özeren et al, 2010;Alpar et al, 2001;Yalçıner et al, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunamigenic potential of a Holocene submarine landslide along the North Anatolian Fault (North Aegean Sea, off Thasos Island): insights from numerical modeling

Janin¹,

Rodriguez²,

Sakellariou³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. The North Anatolian Fault in the northern Aegean Sea triggers frequent earthquakes of magnitude up to M w ∼ 7.This seismicity can be a source of modest tsunamis for the surrounding coastlines with less than 50 cm height according to numerical modelling and analysis of tsunami deposits. However, other tsunami sources may be involved, like submarine landslides. We assess the severity of this potential hazard by performing numerical simulations of tsunami generation and propagation from a Holocene landslide (1.85 km 3 in volume) identified off Thasos island. We use a model coupling the simu-5 lation of the submarine landslide, assimilated to a granular flow, to the propagation of the tsunami wave. The results of these simulations show that a tsunami wave of water height between 1.10 m and 1.65 m reaches the coastline at Alexandroupolis (58.000 inhabitants) one hour after the triggering of the landslide. In the same way, tsunamis waves of water height between 0.80 m and 2.00 m reach the coastline of the Athos peninsula 9 min after the triggering of the landslide. Landslide tsunamis should not be neglected as a potential source of tsunami in the area. Despite numerous earthquakes of M w > 7 and strong 10 detrital input (on the order of 30 cm.ka −1 ), only a few Holocene landslides have been recognized so far, asking the question of the relationships between seismicity and landslide frequency in the area.

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Mathematical modelling of a potential tsunami associated with a late glacial submarine landslide in the Sea of Marmara

Cited by 20 publications

References 73 publications

Distribution, morphology and triggers of submarine mass wasting in the Sea of Marmara

Distribution, morphology and triggers of submarine mass wasting in the Sea of Marmara

The geometry of the North Anatolian transform fault in the Sea of Marmara and its temporal evolution: implications for the development of intracontinental transform faults

Tsunamigenic potential of a Holocene submarine landslide along the North Anatolian Fault (North Aegean Sea, off Thasos Island): insights from numerical modeling

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