Mathematical Models for Evacuation Planning in Urban Areas

Bretschneider, Sarah

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28759-6

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(50 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The integrated model of urban systems provides description, analysis, and optimization of the main characteristics of developed and undeveloped areas [51,52]. However, explaining the evolution of urban systems at a large space-time scale is complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropization and Growth of the Electricity Grid as Variables for the Analysis of Urban Infrastructure

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

City growth goes together with the development of infrastructure, and the power network is one of the most relevant towards economic development. The study of urban infrastructure through the analysis of anthropization coupled with power network growth can produce a tool that supports sustainable infrastructure planning, both economic and environmental. The case study focuses on Ambato, Ecuador, in the period from 1950 to 2019, and assesses quantitatively the changes in the city layout and the evolution of its power network. The data are adjusted to a sigmoid-type objective function through a non-linear least squares problem, that is solved using the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) method. Anthropization data show how the urban area grew during the study period: at the expense of agricultural land. The forecast for new power network users by 2050 yields a result of 203,630 total users with a population density of 4850 people/km 2 . The conclusion is that this type of analysis can help city planners and decision makers further understand city and infrastructure growth dynamics and produce policies that bolster sustainable city growth.Sustainability 2020, 12, 1486 2 of 17 multi-family), but also the service networks, including the power network. However, most modern Latin American cities have experienced a fragmented urban growth, through lots and suburbs, often under speculative pressure and unplanned self-construction as new land is made available and has access to service infrastructure [5].Documenting the growth of a city can be very useful if the drawings are made with further purpose than observing formal chronological aspects of the architectural background [6]. Adding other backgrounds and variables to cross evaluate and analyse gives a better understanding of unforeseen growth tendencies and brings up otherwise hidden deficiencies of the urban service networks in the different areas of the city. This information is very valuable when establishing sustainable urban planning criteria [7,8], Herce and Miró Farellons suggest five development lines to reformulate urban models from a sustainability standpoint [9]. These include relating service infrastructure with land use in order to increase efficiency.The study of anthropization together with infrastructure growth is an essential tool to assess the state of a city and determine actions to bolster its sustainability based on economic parameters (economic accessibility, production, private sector, public services, jobs); environmental parameters (agriculture, water, air, energy, environmental management, resources, waste, noise); social parameters (quality of life, environmental education, population, identity, social inclusion, participation, safety, and health); and urban parameters (equipment, street furniture, green areas, planning and management, land, transportation) [10][11][12]. In this context, urban infrastructure includes transportation networks, fresh water and sewers networks, power network, and information network, as well as the managemen...

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropization and Growth of the Electricity Grid as Variables for the Analysis of Urban Infrastructure

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast to the models presented by [Bre12], we solve a multi-criteria problem, which minimizes the total evacuation time, the risk exposure of the evacuees, and the number of shelters that are used.…”

Section: Contributions and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study [Bre12] introduced the multiple commodity evacuation problem using buses and vehicles. A mixed integer program is proposed, where the number of lanes in each arc is represented by integer variables.…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive evacuation planning model and genetic solution algorithm

Goerigk

Deghdak

Heßler

2014

Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Re

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We consider the problem of evacuating an urban area caused by a natural or man-made disaster. There are several planning aspects that need to be considered in such a scenario, which are usually considered separately, due to their computational complexity. These aspects include: Which shelters are used to accommodate evacuees? How to schedule public transport for transit-dependent evacuees? And how do public and individual traffic interact? Furthermore, besides evacuation time, also the risk of the evacuation needs to be considered.We propose a macroscopic multi-criteria optimization model that includes all of these questions simultaneously. As a mixed-integer programming formulation cannot handle instances of real-world size, we develop a genetic algorithm of NSGA-II type that is able to generate feasible solutions of good quality in reasonable computation times.We extend the applicability of these methods by also considering how to aggregate instance data, and how to generate solutions for the original instance starting from a reduced solution.In computational experiments using real-world data modelling the cities of Nice in France and Kaiserslautern in Germany, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach and compare the trade-off between different levels of data aggregation.

show abstract

“…Hence, inundation evacuation planning is an important consideration 35 for preventing the loss of life and property damage (Li et al40 Muhammad et al, 2017). The majority of evacuation planning problems are formulated and solved as network programming models (Yi and Ozdamar, 2007;Stepanov and Smith, 2009;Bretschneider, 2012;Fraser et al, 2014;Alaeddine et al, 2015). Such network programming models have been proposed by Ford and Fulkerson (1958), and these models are capable of determining the minimal distance or maximal flow transported from sources to sink nodes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Minimal cost network problems seek to achieve minimal evacuation times to transport all evacuees to shelters. Shortest path network models present optimal evacuation routes for evacuees (Yi and Ozdamar, 2007;Bretschneider, 2012). Many related studies have discussed evacuation transportation system problems (Yi and Ozdamar, 2007;Stepanov and Smith, 2009;Abdelghany et al, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%