Mating Strategies in Solitary Aphid Parasitoids: Effect of Patch Residence Time and Ant Attendance

Nyabuga, Franklin N.; Völkl, Wolfgang; Schwörer, Ulrich; Weisser, Wolfgang W.; Mackauer, M.

doi:10.1007/s10905-011-9279-3

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Compared with the gregarious parasitoids, for solitary wasps, the challenge to find a mate would logically require detection over longer distances. Yet, certain solitary wasps may mate in their natal patch, because the hosts are aggregated, as is the case for aphids and scale insects [ 31 ]. This is not the case for caterpillars that serve as hosts for C. marginiventris , which generally disperse after hatching [ 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exceptional Use of Sex Pheromones by Parasitoids of the Genus Cotesia: Males Are Strongly Attracted to Virgin Females, but Are No Longer Attracted to or Even Repelled by Mated Females

Veyrat

Degen

et al. 2014

Insects

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Sex pheromones have rarely been studied in parasitoids, and it remains largely unknown how male and female parasitoids locate each other. We investigated possible attraction (and repellency) between the sexes of two braconid wasps belonging to the same genus, the gregarious parasitoid, Cotesia glomerata (L.), and the solitary parasitoid, Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson). Males of both species were strongly attracted to conspecific virgin females. Interestingly, in C. glomerata, the males were repelled by mated females, as well as by males of their own species. This repellency of mated females was only evident hours after mating, implying a change in pheromone composition. Males of C. marginiventris were also no longer attracted, but not repelled, by mated females. Females of both species showed no attraction to the odors of conspecific individuals, male or female, and C. glomerata females even appeared to be repelled by mated males. Moreover, the pheromones were found to be highly specific, as males were not attracted by females of the other species. Males of Cotesia glomerata even avoided the pheromones of female Cotesia marginiventris, indicating the recognition of non-conspecific pheromones. We discuss these unique responses in the context of optimal mate finding strategies in parasitoids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exceptional Use of Sex Pheromones by Parasitoids of the Genus Cotesia: Males Are Strongly Attracted to Virgin Females, but Are No Longer Attracted to or Even Repelled by Mated Females

Veyrat

Degen

et al. 2014

Insects

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“…It attacks aggregated aphids (colonies) and will oviposit eggs in the same aphid colony until virtually all available hosts are parasitized or it becomes egg limited (Mackauer & Völkl, 2002). This sort of behaviour is thought to encourage inbreeding as inferred from microsatellite results (Nyabuga et al , 2010, 2011) and behavioral experiments (Nyabuga et al , in press). Under field conditions, egg oviposition to adult emergence takes <16 days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Coevolutionary fine-tuning: evidence for genetic tracking between a specialist wasp parasitoid and its aphid host in a dual metapopulation interaction

Nyabuga

Loxdale

Heckel

et al. 2011

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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In the interaction between two ecologically-associated species, the population structure of one species may affect the population structure of the other. Here, we examine the population structures of the aphid Metopeurum fuscoviride, a specialist on tansy Tanacetum vulgare, and its specialist primary hymenopterous parasitoid Lysiphlebus hirticornis, both of which are characterized by multivoltine life histories and a classic metapopulation structure. Samples of the aphid host and the parasitoid were collected from eight sites in and around Jena, Germany, where both insect species co-occur, and then were genotyped using suites of polymorphic microsatellite markers. The host aphid was greatly differentiated in terms of its spatial population genetic patterning, while the parasitoid was, in comparison, only moderately differentiated. There was a positive Mantel test correlation between pairwise shared allele distance (DAS) of the host and parasitoid, i.e. if host subpopulation samples were more similar between two particular sites, so were the parasitoid subpopulation samples. We argue that while the differences in the levels of genetic differentiation are due to the differences in the biology of the species, the correlations between host and parasitoid are indicative of dependence of the parasitoid population structure on that of its aphid host. The parasitoid is genetically tracking behind the aphid host, as can be expected in a classic metapopulation structure where host persistence depends on a delay between host and parasitoid colonization of the patch. The results may also have relevance to the Red Queen hypothesis, whereupon in the 'arms race' between parasitoid and its host, the latter 'attempts' to evolve away from the former.

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“…Therefore, males should be more likely to leave the natal host patch looking for suitable mates elsewhere when females and/or virgin females are absent, which is common when females exhibit a monogamous behavior (Martel et al 2008). Indeed, Nyabuga et al (2012) reported differences between sexes of A. ervi in terms of dispersal behavior after emergence; they found that the residence time on the natal patch is shorter in males than in females, encouraging male dispersion as a putative strategy to reduce competition between males. Furthermore, male competition for mating has been reported to be strongly influenced by male body size in A. ervi, larger males having a competitive advantage over smaller ones (Henry 2008).…”

Section: Differential Dispersal Of Parasitoid Females and Malesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the effect of migrant males on genetic differentiation of populations has been frequently ignored in parasitoids, despite its putative impact on gene flow between parasitoid populations (Henry 2008). In fact, evidences of a reduction in patch residence time of A. ervi males on natal host patches compared with that of females has been reported, which encourages male dispersion from the natal host patch (Nyabuga et al 2012). On the other hand, the copulatory experience along with the olfactory stimuli derived from host-plant complexes present during the parasitoid copulation could affect by subsequent mate searching of A. ervi males (Villagra et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does sex‐biased dispersal account for the lack of geographic and host‐associated differentiation in introduced populations of an aphid parasitoid?

Zepeda-Paulo

Lavandero

Maheo

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Host recognition and use in female parasitoids strongly relies on host fidelity, a plastic behavior which can significantly restrict the host preferences of parasitoids, thus reducing the gene flow between parasitoid populations attacking different insect hosts. However, the effect of migrant males on the genetic differentiation of populations has been frequently ignored in parasitoids, despite its known impact on gene flow between populations. Hence, we studied the extent of gene flow mediated by female and male parasitoids by assessing sibship relationships among parasitoids within and between populations, and its impact on geographic and host-associated differentiation in the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi. We report evidences of a high gene flow among parasitoid populations on different aphid hosts and geographic locations. The high gene flow among parasitoid populations was found to be largely male mediated, suggested by significant differences in the distribution of full-sib and paternal half-sib dyads of parasitoid populations.

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Mating Strategies in Solitary Aphid Parasitoids: Effect of Patch Residence Time and Ant Attendance

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

Exceptional Use of Sex Pheromones by Parasitoids of the Genus Cotesia: Males Are Strongly Attracted to Virgin Females, but Are No Longer Attracted to or Even Repelled by Mated Females

Exceptional Use of Sex Pheromones by Parasitoids of the Genus Cotesia: Males Are Strongly Attracted to Virgin Females, but Are No Longer Attracted to or Even Repelled by Mated Females

Coevolutionary fine-tuning: evidence for genetic tracking between a specialist wasp parasitoid and its aphid host in a dual metapopulation interaction

Does sex‐biased dispersal account for the lack of geographic and host‐associated differentiation in introduced populations of an aphid parasitoid?

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