Mating system, outcrossing distance effects and pollen availability in the wind-pollinated treeline species Polylepis australis BITT. (Rosaceae)

Seltmann, Peggy; Cocucci, Andrea A.; Renison, Daniel; Cierjacks, Arne; Hensen, Isabell

doi:10.1016/j.baae.2007.11.008

Cited by 35 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…al.·Silvae Genetica (2011) 60-2, 55-61 Both SELTMANN et al (2009a) and SCHMIDT-LEBUHN et al (2006b) suggest reproductive and genetic connectivity for P. australis forest fragments through long-distance wind dispersal of pollen -which may explain the results found in this study. Our results are also in accordance with several reviews that showed that wind pollinated tree species have a high proportion of genetic variability within populations and a clearly lower diversity among populations (NYBOM, 2004;NYBOM and BAR-TISH, 2000;HAMRICK et al, 1992), and that wind-pollinated trees might be less vulnerable than other trees regarding habitat fragmentation (KRAMER et al, 2008;JUMP and PEÑUELAS, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Genetic structure and diversity ofPolylepis australis(Rosaceae) tree populations from central Argentina: Implications for forest conservation

et al. 2011

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Worldwide, large areas of forest are being transformed to other land cover types and the resulting fragmented populations may suffer from restricted gene flow leading to genetic pauperization and increased inbreeding. To assess the genetic constitution of fragmented Polylepis australis mountain forests of central Argentina, analyses of the structure and diversity of ISSR markers were carried out for 90 trees distributed throughout five river basins with differing degrees of fragmentation. Overall, average polymorphism (P) ranged between 87.2 and 94.9% (95% criterion) while marker diversity index (M) varied between 0.35 and 0.39; values which are comparable with other wind-pollinated tree species. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that most genetic variation occurred within river basins (97.8%), with only a little occurring between river basins (2.2%; ΦST = 0.02). In addition, Mantel’s test indicated that P. australis does not follow the usual pattern of isolation by distance; instead the UPGMA method showed that trees from the two most degraded river basins formed a group while trees from the three better preserved basins formed another. As such, either effective pollen flow has maintained high levels of genetic diversity, or present day genetic variability is a remnant of a recently fragmented ancestral panmictic population. We conclude that, at present, genetic degradation in P. australis populations of central Argentina is not as important as ecological degradation – such as soil loss, intensive browsing by livestock or increased frequencies of wildfires, and that genetic variability is still fully available for forest restoration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Genetic structure and diversity ofPolylepis australis(Rosaceae) tree populations from central Argentina: Implications for forest conservation

et al. 2011

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“…As Seltmann et al (2008) did not find any difference in seed germination between crosses of nearby and distant fragments, we conclude that biparental inbreeding depression bears more significance to progeny fitness and mortality than to germination; a finding that is in line with the assumptions of several authors like Waser and Price (1994), Trame et al (1995) and Hardner et al (1998). Correspondingly, coefficients of inbreeding depression were clearly higher in within-fragment crosses than in crosses between nearby fragments, with the former resulting in a very high mortality of seedlings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Biparental inbreeding depression, genetic relatedness and progeny vigour in a wind-pollinated treeline species in Argentina

et al. 2009

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Spatially restricted gene flow and resulting spatial genetic structure are generally considered as being the primary controlling factors in the dynamics of biparental inbreeding depression in a wide range of plant species. However, wind-pollinated angiosperm trees have not been studied adequately in this respect. The present study analyses the relationships among parental genetic similarity, outcrossing distances, progeny vigour and mortality in Polylepis australis (Rosaceae), a wind-pollinated treeline species endemic to Argentina. We investigated whether spatial genetic structuring occurs in anthropogenically fragmented P. australis woodlands of the Córdoba Mountains. We also performed a controlled crossing experiment using pollen collected from different distances. Genetic variability (using RAPD-PCR), vigour (N-metabolism capacity) and mortality of the resulting progeny were contrasted with progeny from unmanipulated flowers. We found a continuous decrease in parental genetic similarity with spatial distance among mates and an increase in N-metabolism capacity in the progeny produced from pollen at increasing distances, as well as a very high mortality of seedlings resulting from short-distance crosses. Additionally, our results suggest that there is still fragment connectivity in P. australis through long-distance pollen-mediated gene flow.

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“…There is evidence for P. australis that pollen can travel more than 80 km and remain viable for long time periods (Seltmann et al 2009a) and so pollen flow could conceivably connect all fragments at the sites we sampled. The high levels of differentiation between some fragments that were located close together (Fig.…”

Section: Genetic Differentiation Among Fragmentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although Polylepis seeds are generally thought to be wind dispersed, Seltmann et al (2009a) observed that a high proportion of seeds are dispersed by gravity alone. Another study of P. australis suggests that the majority of seeds travel no more than 6 m from the parent tree and seedlings are never found more than 10 m away (Torres et al 2008).…”

Section: Spatial Structure Within Fragmentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Other fossil pollen studies from the Central Andes suggest that the extent of Polylepis forests have fluctuated over the past 370,000 years and have probably always been fragmented to some degree during this time period (Gosling et al 2009). Because of current anthropogenic activities and the predicted effects of climate change, these forests have been listed as one of the most endangered forest types in the world (Seltmann et al 2009a;UNEP-WCMC 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low genetic diversity and fragmentation effects in a wind-pollinated tree, Polylepis multijuga Plige (Rosaceae) in the high Andes

2012

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Fragmentation is predicted to increase inbreeding depression and lower the evolutionary potential of organisms by disrupting dispersal. Trees may be more resilient to fragmentation effects due to potential longdistance dispersal mechanisms that genetically connect fragments. Polylepis woodlands in the high Andes are highly fragmented and are currently the focus of reforestation and conservation efforts. Polylepis multijuga Plige (Rosaceae) is a threatened, endemic tree species in the northern Andes of Peru. Samples were collected from 371 adult trees in nine forest fragments separated by 0.5-80 km and genotyped at amplified fragment length polymorphism loci (AFLP) and chloroplast intergenic regions to determine the connectedness of fragments and their suitability for collecting seed for restoration efforts. P. multijuga is wind-pollinated and dispersed; however, genetic diversity in P. multijuga was about half that reported for other windpollinated species. Genetic spatial autocorrelation and patterns of chloroplast and AFLP diversity suggest seed dispersal is very limited and that wind dispersed pollen does not effectively connect all fragments. Conservation of this species will require reforestation efforts and possibly augmentation of some fragments to increase their genetic diversity. Collecting seed from multiple large fragments and from individuals separated by at least 25 m within fragments would maximize the genetic diversity of seed collections for reforestation or augmentation. Future studies of this and other Polylepis species should determine how complex topography may affect wind mediated dispersal between fragments and patterns of genetic diversity.

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Mating system, outcrossing distance effects and pollen availability in the wind-pollinated treeline species Polylepis australis BITT. (Rosaceae)

Cited by 35 publications

References 36 publications

Genetic structure and diversity ofPolylepis australis(Rosaceae) tree populations from central Argentina: Implications for forest conservation

Genetic structure and diversity ofPolylepis australis(Rosaceae) tree populations from central Argentina: Implications for forest conservation

Biparental inbreeding depression, genetic relatedness and progeny vigour in a wind-pollinated treeline species in Argentina

Low genetic diversity and fragmentation effects in a wind-pollinated tree, Polylepis multijuga Plige (Rosaceae) in the high Andes

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