Matrix Metalloproteinases in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that degrade proteins of the extracellular matrix and the basement membrane. Thus, these enzymes regulate airway remodeling, which is a major pathological feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Furthermore, proteolytic destruction in the lungs may lead to loss of elastin and the development of emphysema, which is associated with poor lung function in COPD patients. In this literature review, we describe and appraise evidence from the recent literature regarding the role of different MMPs in COPD, as well as how their activity is regulated by specific tissue inhibitors. Considering the importance of MMPs in COPD pathogenesis, we also discuss MMPs as potential targets for therapeutic intervention in COPD and present evidence from recent clinical trials in this regard.

Inflammation as the nexus: exploring the link between acute myocardial infarction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

“…Prolonged exposure leads to an abnormal and enhanced inflammatory response, hallmark features of COPD. This altered response contributes to tissue destruction (emphysema), increased mucus production (chronic bronchitis), and fibrosis (bronchiolitis) ( 43 ). Imbalances between oxidants and antioxidants, as well as proteases and antiproteases, are central to COPD development, exacerbating inflammation and lung tissue damage ( 44 , 45 ).…”

The Beneficial Effects of Soybean Proteins and Peptides on Chronic Diseases

“…It is necessary to extend the research from single- Soybean proteins were also involved in the regulation of the gastrointestinal microbiome and bile acid homeostasis [21,71,72,93]. The diverse microbiota plays a key role in the development of obesity, and their interactions (via signaling molecules/communication) can be maintained through diet/supplements [94]. The maintenance of the microbiota through dietary strategies may be of great importance in the treatment of chronic diseases.…”

SNP-SNP positive interaction between MMP2 and MMP12 increases the risk of COPD

“…Currently, twenty-three matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were determined that are expressed in human tissues. MMPs are classified by the structure and their substrates into collagenases (MMP1, MMP8, MMP13 and MMP18), gelatinases (MMP2 and MMP9), stromelysins (MMP3 and MMP10), matrilysins (MMP7 and MMP26), membrane anchored-type (MT-MMPs) and other MMPs (MMP12 and MMP28) [ 11 ]. The MMPs are major proteolytic enzymes involved in a variety of biological processes in humans, which degrades a variety of extracellular proteins, including collagens and elastin.…”

“…The MMPs are major proteolytic enzymes involved in a variety of biological processes in humans, which degrades a variety of extracellular proteins, including collagens and elastin. Recent evidence implicates mostly the overexpression of MMPs leads to above mentioned physiological abnormalities associated with COPD [ 11 , 13 ]. Hyeon-Kyoung Koo et al, found the plasma levels of MMP1 is associated with bronchodilator reversibility and emphysema index in COPD [ 13 ].…”