“…Evidence proved that upon antigen or pathogen recognition, DCs release a large amount of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, and IL-12 (An, Kim, Lee, Park, & Chang, 2014;Tsao, Kuan, Wang, & Sheu, 2013;Wang et al, 2013;Xing et al, 2011;Yu et al, 2009), thereby limiting the spread of infection and mediating helper T cells activation (Banchereau et al, 2000). TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β are pro-inflammatory cytokines participating in the resistance against infectious agents and tumour cells, while IL-12 has a role in enhancing the T-cell responsiveness, especially in promoting the helper T cell differentiation.…”