Maturation timing of stamens and pistils in the dioecious plant Silene latifolia

Aonuma, Wataru; Shimizu, Yūji; Ishii, Kotaro; Fujita, Naoko; Kawano, Shigeyuki

doi:10.1007/s10265-012-0510-x

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A pollen germination assay was also performed (Jolivet and Bernasconi 2007). Pollen was isolated from mature flowers by gently releasing it from the anther locules onto microscope slides coated with pollen germination medium (Aonuma et al 2013). One hundred grains were examined from each of the three anthers and their average value was used as the measurement for the plant.…”

Section: Pollen Viability and In Vitro Germination Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1c). To study the time course of flower development, we previously divided 10 stamens into two groups based on their lengths, characterizing the five long stamens as early-maturing stamens (Em-stamens) and the five short stamens as late-maturing stamens (Lm-stamens) (Aonuma et al 2013). The lengths of eight floral organs were measured every 6 h (Fig.…”

Section: Flowers Of the Dioecious Plant S Latifolia And The Hermaphroditic Plant S Viscosamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pollen germination rates were lower in all hermaphroditic mutants than in WT male flowers (70%) (Fig. S2) (Aonuma et al 2013). The number of germinated pollen grains was determined as the number of pollen grains multiplied by the pollen germination rate (Table 2).…”

Section: Trade-off: Resource-fitness Allocation To Stamens Versus Pistils In Hermaphroditic Mutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Male/Female Trade-Off in Hermaphroditic Y-Chromosome Deletion Mutants of the Dioecious Plant <i>Silene latifolia</i>

et al. 2021

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The evolution of dioecy from hermaphroditism allows for avoidance of self-pollination, and its evolutionary background has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically since it was first proposed by Darwin. To reproduce this evolution, we screened hermaphroditic mutants of Silene latifolia using heavy-ion beam or γ-ray irradiation and characterized the phenotypes of their floral organs. Our scatterplots indicate severe deviations from the trade-off relationships between pollen and ovule numbers and between seed and germinated pollen numbers in hermaphroditic mutant S. latifolia. These deviations presumably led to promotion of dioecy from the ancestral state of S. latifolia. To infer the likely flower phenotypic characteristics of the ancestral plant of S. latifolia before evolving dioecy, the flowers of Silene viscosa, a naturally hermaphroditic plant related to S. latifolia were also characterized. S. viscosa exhibits both spatial separation of stamens from pistils within the flower (reverse herkogamy) and temporal separation of stamen and pistil maturation (dichogamy), raising the question of whether hermaphroditic mutant S. latifolia, which is thought to be the ancestral state, would possess these functions. We show that two hermaphroditic mutants of the dioecious plant S. latifolia exhibit signs of protogyny (reverse dichogamy) and approach herkogamy, as pistils were constantly longer than stamens. These findings illustrate the evolution of dioecy from hermaphroditism as a self-pollination avoidance mechanism and to balance the investments into male and female functions.

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Section: Pollen Viability and In Vitro Germination Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flowers Of the Dioecious Plant S Latifolia And The Hermaphroditic Plant S Viscosamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Trade-off: Resource-fitness Allocation To Stamens Versus Pistils In Hermaphroditic Mutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Male/Female Trade-Off in Hermaphroditic Y-Chromosome Deletion Mutants of the Dioecious Plant <i>Silene latifolia</i>

et al. 2021

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Circadian rhythm of aSilenespecies favours nocturnal pollination and constrains diurnal visitation

Prieto‐Benítez

Dötterl

Giménez‐Benavides

2016

Ann Bot

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The circadian rhythm regulating floral attractiveness and reward in S. colorata is predominantly adapted to nocturnal flower visitors. However, favourable environmental conditions lengthen the optimal daily period of flower attraction and pollination towards morning. This allows the complementarity of day and night pollination. Diurnal pollination may help to compensate the plant reproductive success when nocturnal pollinators are scarce and when the net outcome of H. sancta shifts from mutualism to parasitism. These results suggest a functional mechanism explaining why the supposed nocturnal syndrome of many Silene species does not successfully predict their pollinator guilds.

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Structure of floral nectaries and comparison of reproductive and vestigial organs in the staminate and pistillate flowers of dioeciousSilene latifolia(Caryophyllaceae)

Anderson

Duddu

Shirtliffe

et al. 2019

Botany

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Silene latifolia Poiret of Eurasia has established in North America, prompting this structural study of its mature unisexual buds and flowers. Floral nectaries, anther and stigma changes, and vestigial reproductive structures were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. In staminate flowers, anthers dehisced before anthesis and >90% of their pollen was liberated within 36 h. Accumulated in the tubular calyx, nectar descended an anthophore from the stomatal-bearing nectary at the stamen bases. Nectary tissue surrounded the pistillode, a central filamentous organ lacking ovules but tipped by hairs resembling stigmatic papillae. In pistillate flowers, nectar flowed into an inflated calyx. The annular nectary had 10 regularly spaced, stomatal-lined craters and was continuous with the adaxial surfaces of the infertile antisepalous and epipetalous staminodes. Key elements of entomophilous pollination leading to successful sexual reproduction of this invasive species include secondary nectar presentation from disparate floral nectaries that, for pistillate flowers, also incorporate the staminodes; rapid pollen release from anthers; and elongation of papillae by tip growth that enhances each stigma’s receptive surface. Context is also provided for future studies of floral nectary development in this model dioecious species.

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Maturation timing of stamens and pistils in the dioecious plant Silene latifolia

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Male/Female Trade-Off in Hermaphroditic Y-Chromosome Deletion Mutants of the Dioecious Plant <i>Silene latifolia</i>

Male/Female Trade-Off in Hermaphroditic Y-Chromosome Deletion Mutants of the Dioecious Plant <i>Silene latifolia</i>

Circadian rhythm of aSilenespecies favours nocturnal pollination and constrains diurnal visitation

Structure of floral nectaries and comparison of reproductive and vestigial organs in the staminate and pistillate flowers of dioeciousSilene latifolia(Caryophyllaceae)

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