Max Planck Half Quanta as a Natural Explanation for Ordinary and Dark Energy of the Cosmos

Abstract

The work gives a natural explanation for the ordinary and dark energy density of the cosmos based on conventional quantum mechanical considerations which dates back as far as the early days of the quantum theory and specifically the work of Max Planck who seems to be the first to propose the possibility of a half quanta corresponding to the ground state, i.e. the energy zero point of the vacuum. Combining these old insights with the relatively new results of Hardy's quantum entanglement and Witten's topological quantum field theory as well as the fractal version of M-theory, we find a remarkably simple general theory for dark energy and the Casimir effect.

The Absolute Certainty Principle (ACP) Revolutionizes Quantum Physics

“…A recent publication by renowned Alexandria theoretician Mohamed S. El Naschie [2] brought into sharp focus an inherent characteristic of the Uncertainty Principle: as formulated in the context of QM it predicts-it requires-the existence in nature of "half quanta". This would seem to be incompatible with-and is indeed incompatible with-the widely held belief that the quantum-originally called Das Elementares Wirkungsquantum by its 1900 inventor, Max Planck-represents an entity-an element-which cannot be broken into parts smaller than itself.…”