Maximal Oxygen Consumption and Bone Mineral Density in a Group of Young Lebanese Adults

Yoon

et al. 2017

Ann Geriatr Med Res

Background: Bone mineral density (BMD) has been associated with fitness, nutrition, lifestyle, and genetic factors such as sex and race. The aim of this study was to determine whether athletic performance in middle-to-old-aged men affected the development of osteopenia. Methods: This cross-sectional study pooled data collected from 3,560 men in their 40-70's. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine 1-4 and the femoral neck. The fitness tests included strength (grip strength), flexibility (trunk forward flexion), and cardiopulmonary fitness (maximum oxygen consumption, VO2max). Results: The participants in the normal and osteopenia groups were aged 49.9±5.0 (mean±standard deviation) and 50.4±5.1 years, respectively. Those in the highest quartile (Q4) of VO2max had a significantly increased risk of having osteopenia (adjusted odds ratio 1.687; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.193-2.387; p=0.003). Participants in the highest quartile (Q4) of grip strength had a significantly higher adjusted odds ratio (1.445) of having osteopenia (95% CI, 1.099-1.857; p=0.009). Finally, flexibility was 1.454 times higher for the lowest group (Q4) than for the highest group (Q1) (95% CI, 1.194-1.887; p=0.003). Conclusion: Higher levels of cardiopulmonary fitness and flexibility in middle-aged men may decrease the prevalence of osteopenia and prevent loss of BMD.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence of Osteopenia According to Physical Fitness in Men: A Cross-Sectional Study

Yoon

et al. 2017

Ann Geriatr Med Res

Journal of Women's Health

“…The slightly higher serum 25(OH)D in the fitter groups could be due to differences in diet, vitamin D supplementation, or sun exposure associated with outdoor activities. The findings of this inverse relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and CRF levels were consistent with another study 9 evaluating a different subcohort in the CCLS. Serum vitamin D insufficiency has been documented to coexist with low BMD in postmenopausal women.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…30,31 Our findings that low objectively measured CRF was associated with increased risk of low BMD extends work done by others to the important population of postmenopausal women. 8,9,29,32,33 For example, in a group of young Lebanese adults (18-32 years, 20 women and 37 men), El Hage et al 9 reported that VO 2 max is a positive determinant of bone mineral content and BMD in young adults. Schwarz et al 8 also reported that CRF was associated with BMD in 153 men aged 31-60 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 There is evidence that aerobic activity with moderate to high impact, such as jogging, will modestly increase BMD. However, there is limited evidence 8,9 demonstrating that women or men with higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels, which represent an objective marker of habitual physical activity, 10 have lower risk for bone loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Low Bone Density in Postmenopausal Women

DeFina

Léonard

Willis

et al. 2016

Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck (FN) in postmenopausal women using existing Cooper Center Longitudinal Study data. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 1,720 predominantly healthy Caucasian women (57.1 -6.9 years) underwent preventive medical examinations that included CRF assessment by maximal Balke treadmill testing and measurement of BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. CRF was estimated from total treadmill time and categorized into five categories of CRF (further defined as fitness category 1 = low fitness, 2-3 = moderate fitness, and 4-5 = high fitness). Logistic regression was used to characterize the association between CRF and BMD, adjusting for age, weight, and resistance activity level. Results: Overall, the mean body-mass index (BMI) for all subjects was 25.0 -4.5 kg/m 2 , although BMI was in the obese range in the low fitness group. The prevalence of osteoporosis (T-score £ -2.5 at the FN) was greater in the low fit group than moderate or high fit (5.8% vs. 3.0% or 3.9%, respectively); with a similar pattern seen for prevalence of osteopenia (T-score > -2.5 and £ -1.0 at the FN) (47.5% vs. 46.4% or 44.8%, respectively). Higher age and lower weight were associated with low BMD. Fully adjusted logistic regression models showed an inverse association between CRF and low BMD of the FN. For T-score £ -1.0, the primary outcome, the odds ratio (OR) was 0.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.32-0.79) for moderate fitness, and OR of 0.32 (95% CI 0.21-0.51) for high fitness was seen. For T-score £ -2.5 at the FN, OR was 0.30 (95% CI 0.11-0.80) for moderate fitness, and OR was 0.29 (95% CI 0.12-0.71) for high fitness. Conclusion: Increased CRF levels are associated with reduced risk for low bone density in postmenopausal women.

The relationship of maximal oxygen consumption to bone mineral density in Iranian young women

Arazi

Eghbali

2018

American J Hum Biol