Maximum temperature of smoke beneath ceiling in tunnel fire with vertical shafts

Wang, Yan Fu; Li, Yu Lian; Pei, Yan; Zhang, Biao; Jiang, Jun; Zhang, Li

doi:10.1016/j.tust.2015.06.011

Cited by 47 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The tunnel structure integrity is one of the key design parameters and it is very dependent on the heat exposure. The concrete structure may break and collapse if the temperature approaches 500 • C [46][47][48]. Furthermore, it will hinder evacuation of trapped individuals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tunnel Fire Dynamics as a Function of Longitudinal Ventilation Air Oxygen Content

2019

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Longitudinal ambient air ventilation is the most common methodology for maintaining an amicable environment in tunnels during normal operations while providing an evacuation path during tunnel fire emergencies. The present work investigates the influence of forced ventilation air oxygen concentrations on tunnel fire dynamics. Mixing inert gasses such as nitrogen, argon, or carbon dioxide with ambient air changes the ventilation air oxygen concentration. In order to quantify the influence of the oxygen content on the critical tunnel safety parameters, multiple computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were done on a reduced-size tunnel while preserving the system Froude number. Analytical expressions were developed to describe the importance of oxygen content on the tunnel fire dynamics. By employing Froude scaling, the resulting relations were extrapolated to real scale tunnels. For the ambient air ventilation, the extrapolated expressions displayed good agreement with experimental literature data. By adjusting the oxygen concentration, parameters such as maximum tunnel ceiling temperature, fire growth rate, maximum heat flux to the tunnel floor, maximum flux on the tunnel ceiling, and maximum heat release rate can be controlled. This is the case also for oxygen levels where people can survive. This may increase the possibility for evacuation and improve the conditions for firefighting, significantly improving tunnel fire safety.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The critical ventilation velocity in the real-scale Runehamar tunnel is around 2.7 m/s [44][45][46][47]. From Equation 2, the corresponding critical ventilation velocity in the model scale tunnel is 0.57 m/s.…”

Section: Simulation Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunnel Fire Dynamics as a Function of Longitudinal Ventilation Air Oxygen Content

2019

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“…These real-scale tunnel fire tests demonstrated the important effects of fan position and wind speed on fire spread, temperature distribution, smoke distribution, and evacuation strategies. So far, researches have made lots of efforts to investigate the fundamental fire parameters, such as HRR, temperature distributions (Hu et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2016Wang et al, , 2015, ventilation performances (Feng et al, 2020;Yu et al, 2018;Zhou et al, 2019), and wind (Węgrzyński and Lipecki, 2018). Some of these results are listed in Table 3.…”

Section: Real-scale Test and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Key data of Real-or full-scale tunnel experiments (Feng et al, 2020;F. Guo et al, 2019;Hu et al, 2008Hu et al, , 2006Liu et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2015;Yu et al, 2018;Zhou et al, 2019).…”

Section: Real-scale Test and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives of big experimental database and artificial intelligence in tunnel fire research

Xiao-ning

Park

et al. 2021

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

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“…Kurioka et al [7] proposed an empirical equation to predict the maximum temperature of the smoke layer under a tunnel ceiling. Wang et al [8] proposed a theoretical model using dimensional analysis that could better predict the heat of smoke in a tunnel with vertical shafts. Li et al [9] found through theoretical deduction that the maximum excess gas temperature beneath the ceiling could be divided into two regions with different ventilation velocity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Model Test on Temperature Field in the Rescue Station of an Extralong Railway Tunnel

Zeng

Liu

Fang

et al. 2019

Advances in Civil Engineering

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A rescue station is necessary for an extralong railway tunnel, whose length is generally greater than 20 km. In the rescue station, passenger evacuation, fire fighting, and protection of passengers are organized. It is important to discover the temperature distribution in a rescue station where a train is on fire. This paper performs a similarity simulation model test at 1 : 10 geometric scale to investigate the temperature field in a rescue station. A gasoline pool fire was used as the fire source. The influences of the fire source position and ventilation condition on the temperature field were studied. The results show that (a) the temperature distribution along the tunnel is stable without ventilation, the temperature is lowest when the fire occurs 50 m from the entrance; (b) the fresh air stirred up by fans promotes burning and increases the temperature; (c) the chimney effect causes the temperature field to skew in an uphill direction; (d) the opening of both fans in the adit makes the high-temperature zone to connect through; and (e) the temperature increase at the rescue station can be divided into four stages, and the response of different fire source positions to the opening of fans is not consistent. These findings provide a basis for personnel escape design and a foundation for further study of temperature distribution in a tunnel with a rescue station.

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Maximum temperature of smoke beneath ceiling in tunnel fire with vertical shafts

Cited by 47 publications

References 16 publications

Tunnel Fire Dynamics as a Function of Longitudinal Ventilation Air Oxygen Content

Tunnel Fire Dynamics as a Function of Longitudinal Ventilation Air Oxygen Content

Perspectives of big experimental database and artificial intelligence in tunnel fire research

Fire Model Test on Temperature Field in the Rescue Station of an Extralong Railway Tunnel

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