Mean Diffusional Kurtosis in Patients with Glioma: Initial Results with a Fast Imaging Method in a Clinical Setting

Tietze, Anna; Hansen, Mikkel Bo; Østergaard, Leif; Jespersen, Sune Nørhøj; Sangill, Ryan; Lund, Torben Ellegaard; Geneser, Michael; Hjelm, M.; Hansen, Brian

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a4311

Cited by 73 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For example, diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) (Jensen et al, 2005) probes heterogeneity in terms of a normalized variance metric called the diffusional kurtosis. The kurtosis has been used to differentiate low and high grade gliomas, where increased heterogeneity was related to higher malignancy (Raab et al, 2010; Tietze et al, 2015; Van Cauter et al, 2012). However, the interpretation of diffusional variance parameters, such as the mean kurtosis, is challenging, and its link to relevant features of the underlying microstructure remain unclear (Jespersen et al, 2010; Le Bihan, 2013; Maier et al, 2010; Tietze et al, 2015; Wu and Cheung, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The link between diffusion MRI and tumor heterogeneity: Mapping cell eccentricity and density by diffusional variance decomposition (DIVIDE)

et al. 2016

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The structural heterogeneity of tumor tissue can be probed by diffusion MRI (dMRI) in terms of the variance of apparent diffusivities within a voxel. However, the link between the diffusional variance and the tissue heterogeneity is not well-established. To investigate this link we test the hypothesis that diffusional variance, caused by microscopic anisotropy and isotropic heterogeneity, is associated with variable cell eccentricity and cell density in brain tumors. We performed dMRI using a novel encoding scheme for diffusional variance decomposition (DIVIDE) in 7 meningiomas and 8 gliomas prior to surgery. The diffusional variance was quantified from dMRI in terms of the total mean kurtosis (MKT), and DIVIDE was used to decompose MKT into components caused by microscopic anisotropy (MKA) and isotropic heterogeneity (MKI). Diffusion anisotropy was evaluated in terms of the fractional anisotropy (FA) and microscopic fractional anisotropy (μFA). Quantitative microscopy was performed on the excised tumor tissue, where structural anisotropy and cell density were quantified by structure tensor analysis and cell nuclei segmentation, respectively. In order to validate the DIVIDE parameters they were correlated to the corresponding parameters derived from microscopy. We found an excellent agreement between the DIVIDE parameters and corresponding microscopy parameters; MKA correlated with cell eccentricity (r = 0.95, p < 10−7) and MKI with the cell density variance (r = 0.83, p < 10−3). The diffusion anisotropy correlated with structure tensor anisotropy on the voxel-scale (FA, r = 0.80, p < 10−3) and microscopic scale (μFA, r = 0.93, p < 10−6). A multiple regression analysis showed that the conventional MKT parameter reflects both variable cell eccentricity and cell density, and therefore lacks specificity in terms of microstructure characteristics. However, specificity was obtained by decomposing the two contributions; MKA was associated only to cell eccentricity, and MKI only to cell density variance. The variance in meningiomas was caused primarily by microscopic anisotropy (mean ± s.d.) MKA = 1.11 ± 0.33 vs MKI = 0.44 ± 0.20 (p < 10−3), whereas in the gliomas, it was mostly caused by isotropic heterogeneity MKI = 0.57 ± 0.30 vs MKA = 0.26 ± 0.11 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, DIVIDE allows noninvasive mapping of parameters that reflect variable cell eccentricity and density. These results constitute convincing evidence that a link exists between specific aspects of tissue heterogeneity and parameters from dMRI. Decomposing effects of microscopic anisotropy and isotropic heterogeneity facilitates an improved interpretation of tumor heterogeneity as well as diffusion anisotropy on both the microscopic and macroscopic scale.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The link between diffusion MRI and tumor heterogeneity: Mapping cell eccentricity and density by diffusional variance decomposition (DIVIDE)

et al. 2016

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“…Tietze et al . proposed the usage of MK′ (derived from a fast kurtosis sequence) for glioma grading and demonstrated that the mean value of MK′ in the tumor core was significantly higher in HGGs than in LGGs 8 . Common outcome in the aforementioned studies is the degree of the diagnostic accuracy of DKI for the conventional glioma grading (HGG vs. LGG).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Texture analysis- and support vector machine-assisted diffusional kurtosis imaging may allow in vivo gliomas grading and IDH-mutation status prediction: a preliminary study

Bisdas

Shen

Thust

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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We sought to investigate, whether texture analysis of diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) enhanced by support vector machine (SVM) analysis may provide biomarkers for gliomas staging and detection of the IDH mutation. First-order statistics and texture feature extraction were performed in 37 patients on both conventional (FLAIR) and mean diffusional kurtosis (MDK) images and recursive feature elimination (RFE) methodology based on SVM was employed to select the most discriminative diagnostic biomarkers. The first-order statistics demonstrated significantly lower MDK values in the IDH-mutant tumors. This resulted in 81.1% accuracy (sensitivity = 0.96, specificity = 0.45, AUC 0.59) for IDH mutation diagnosis. There were non-significant differences in average MDK and skewness among the different tumour grades. When texture analysis and SVM were utilized, the grading accuracy achieved by DKI biomarkers was 78.1% (sensitivity 0.77, specificity 0.79, AUC 0.79); the prediction accuracy for IDH mutation reached 83.8% (sensitivity 0.96, specificity 0.55, AUC 0.87). For the IDH mutation task, DKI outperformed significantly the FLAIR imaging. When using selected biomarkers after RFE, the prediction accuracy achieved 83.8% (sensitivity 0.92, specificity 0.64, AUC 0.88). These findings demonstrate the superiority of DKI enhanced by texture analysis and SVM, compared to conventional imaging, for gliomas staging and prediction of IDH mutational status.

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“…A limited number of studies have investigated DKI in gliomas (grade I–IV) 17,22-25. Previous DKI studies have focused on the evaluation of differences in mean DKI parameters between low-grade gliomas (grade I–II) and high-grade gliomas (grade III–IV)22-25, while comparisons between specific grades or glioma subtypes have been limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion kurtosis imaging of gliomas grades II and III - a study of perilesional tumor infiltration, tumor grades and subtypes at clinical presentation

Delgado

Fahlström

Nilsson

et al. 2017

Radiology and Oncology

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BackgroundDiffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) allows for assessment of diffusion influenced by microcellular structures. We analyzed DKI in suspected low-grade gliomas prior to histopathological diagnosis. The aim was to investigate if diffusion parameters in the perilesional normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) differed from contralesional white matter, and to investigate differences between glioma malignancy grades II and III and glioma subtypes (astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas).Patients and methodsForty-eight patients with suspected low-grade glioma were prospectively recruited to this institutional review board-approved study and investigated with preoperative DKI at 3T after written informed consent. Patients with histologically proven glioma grades II or III were further analyzed (n=35). Regions of interest (ROIs) were delineated on T2FLAIR images and co-registered to diffusion MRI parameter maps. Mean DKI data were compared between perilesional and contralesional NAWM (student’s t-test for dependent samples, Wilcoxon matched pairs test). Histogram DKI data were compared between glioma types and glioma grades (multiple comparisons of mean ranks for all groups). The discriminating potential for DKI in assessing glioma type and grade was assessed with receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves.ResultsThere were significant differences in all mean DKI variables between perilesional and contralesional NAWM (p=<0.000), except for axial kurtosis (p=0.099). Forty-four histogram variables differed significantly between glioma grades II (n=23) and III (n=12) (p=0.003−0.048) and 10 variables differed significantly between ACs (n=18) and ODs (n=17) (p=0.011−0.050). ROC curves of the best discriminating variables had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.657−0.815.ConclusionsMean DKI variables in perilesional NAWM differ significantly from contralesional NAWM, suggesting altered microstructure by tumor infiltration not depicted on morphological MRI. Histogram analysis of DKI data identifies differences between glioma grades and subtypes.

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Mean Diffusional Kurtosis in Patients with Glioma: Initial Results with a Fast Imaging Method in a Clinical Setting

Cited by 73 publications

References 22 publications

The link between diffusion MRI and tumor heterogeneity: Mapping cell eccentricity and density by diffusional variance decomposition (DIVIDE)

The link between diffusion MRI and tumor heterogeneity: Mapping cell eccentricity and density by diffusional variance decomposition (DIVIDE)

Texture analysis- and support vector machine-assisted diffusional kurtosis imaging may allow in vivo gliomas grading and IDH-mutation status prediction: a preliminary study

Diffusion kurtosis imaging of gliomas grades II and III - a study of perilesional tumor infiltration, tumor grades and subtypes at clinical presentation

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