Measles as a potential oncolytic virus

Fielding, Adele K.

doi:10.1002/rmv.455

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Although numerous studies have already established the potential efficiency of MV-based virotherapy for several cancers (5), no information has yet been provided about MV oncolytic activity on mesothelioma cancer. To evaluate the susceptibility of mesothelioma to the oncolytic activity of MV, we infected a panel of epithelioid (M11, M13, M47, M56, and M61) and one sarcomatoid (M31) MPM cell lines with the MV Schwarz strain (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous live-attenuated viruses, such as adenovirus (AdV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Newcastle disease virus, vaccinia viruses, and measles virus (MV), are now considered as potential cancer therapeutics (3,4). Among them, MV has already shown promising oncolytic properties (5). MV is an enveloped, nonsegmented, and negative single-strand RNA virus belonging to the Morbillivirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measles Virus Induces Oncolysis of Mesothelioma Cells and Allows Dendritic Cells to Cross-Prime Tumor-Specific CD8 Response

et al. 2008

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Despite conventional medical and surgical treatments, malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) remains incurable. Oncovirotherapy (i.e., the use of replication-competent virus for cancer treatment) is currently explored in clinical trials. In this study, we investigated the antineoplastic potential of a new oncolytic viral agent, a live-attenuated measles virus (MV) strain derived from the Edmonston vaccine lineage (Schwarz strain). We evaluated both oncolytic activity and immunoadjuvant properties of the MV vaccine strain on mesothelioma tumor cells. Infectivity, syncytium formation, and cytolytic activity of MV were studied on a panel of mesothelioma cells derived from pleural effusions of MPM patients. We observed that MV infected preferentially MPM cell lines in comparison with nontransformed mesothelial cells, leading to an efficient killing of a significant fraction of tumor cells. A cytoreductive activity was also evidenced through formation of multinuclear cellular aggregates (syncytia). The susceptibility of MPM cell lines to measles infection was assessed by the analysis of cell surface expression of the MV vaccine receptor (CD46). We also evaluated whether MV infection of mesothelioma cells could elicit an autologous antitumor immune response. We showed that MV Schwarz strain induced apoptotic cell death of infected mesothelioma cells, which were efficiently phagocytosed by dendritic cells (DC). Loading of DCs with MV-infected MPM cells induced DC spontaneous maturation, as evidenced by the increased expression of MHC and costimulatory molecules along with the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Priming of autologous T cells by DCs loaded with MV-infected MPM cells led to a significant proliferation of tumor-specific CD8 T cells. Altogether, these data strongly support the potential of oncolytic MV as an efficient therapeutic agent for mesothelioma cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(12):4882-92]

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles Virus Induces Oncolysis of Mesothelioma Cells and Allows Dendritic Cells to Cross-Prime Tumor-Specific CD8 Response

et al. 2008

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“…MV was propagated by infecting 1.5 ×10 6 Vero cells in T25 flasks in 3 ml serum free media-MEM (US Biological, USA) at 37°C for 2 h then the medium was replaced with serum free media. The cells were incubated at 37°C for 3 to 5 days, and subsequently harvested in 1 ml Opti-MEM.…”

Section: Measles Virus Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Live Attenuated Measles Virus Vaccine as Anti Tumor Agent

Ismaee

Al-Shammari²,

Salih

2017

JNUS

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This study was carried out to evaluate the antitumor effect of live attenuated measles virus Schwarz (MV) vaccine strain on tumor cell lines in vitro. Live attenuated measles virus Schwarz vaccine strain was obtained from Aventis Pasteur, France. Live attenuated measles virus Schwarz strain was propagated on Vero, human Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and human GlioblastomaMultiform (GBM) cell lines which were supplied by Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetic Researches (ICCMGR). Results revealed that cell fusion occurred after 24 h of infection. The infected confluent monolayer appeared to be covered with syncytia with granulation and vaculation of cells after 72 to 120 h. Moreover, the formation of large round empty plaque spaces was observed in infected cells. Results of oncolytic cytopathic effect showed that after 120 h of exposure alterations in morphology of Vero, RD and GBM cells. Cells were rounded, shrink, clustered cells and large empty space with cell debris as a result of cell lysis and death. Haemadsorption effect of MV was studied and result recorded that all cell lines infected with virus have the ability for haemadsorption human red blood cells after 72 h of infection. While uninfected cells gave negative results. Detection of MV H protein by monoclonal antibodies in infected cells of all cell lines by immunocytochemistry assay gave positive results (brown color) in cytoplasm of infected cells. Cell viability was measured after 72 h of infection by MTT assay. Results showed a significant cytotoxic effect for measles virus (P ≤0.05) on growth of RD and GBM cell lines at the first dilution and the second one after 72 h of infection. When the dilution increases, there was a significant decline in the inhibitory effect with a significant cytotoxic effect as compared with the control. Also, concentrated inoculums of measles virus showed a significant cytotoxic effect when compared with the control.

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“…Recombinant technology, when it arrived, focused predominantly on engineering adeno-, 88,89 paramyxo-, 90,91 herpes, 92 picorna-, and poxviruses. 93,94 Yet, even with the newfound ability to engineer viral genomes to produce a new generation of safer, specific oncolytics, a true therapeutic frontrunner has yet to emerge.…”

Section: Adaptation Attenuation and Engineering: Building A Better mentioning

confidence: 99%

History of Oncolytic Viruses: Genesis to Genetic Engineering

2007

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Since the turn of the nineteenth century, when their existence was first recognized, viruses have attracted considerable interest as possible agents of tumor destruction. Early case reports emphasized regression of cancers during naturally acquired virus infections, providing the basis for clinical trials where body fluids containing human or animal viruses were used to transmit infections to cancer patients. Most often the viruses were arrested by the host immune system and failed to impact tumor growth, but sometimes, in immunosuppressed patients, infection persisted and tumors regressed, although morbidity as a result of the infection of normal tissues was unacceptable. With the advent of rodent models and new methods for virus propagation, there were numerous attempts through the 1950s and 1960s to force the evolution of viruses with greater tumor specificity, but success was limited and many researchers abandoned the field. Technology employing reverse genetics later brought about a renewal of interest in virotherapy that allowed the generation of more potent, tumor-specific oncolytics. Here, examination of early oncolytic virotherapy before genetic engineering serves to highlight tremendous advances, yet also hints at ways to penetrate host immune defenses, a significant remaining challenge in modern virotherapy research.

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Measles as a potential oncolytic virus

Cited by 38 publications

References 47 publications

Measles Virus Induces Oncolysis of Mesothelioma Cells and Allows Dendritic Cells to Cross-Prime Tumor-Specific CD8 Response

Measles Virus Induces Oncolysis of Mesothelioma Cells and Allows Dendritic Cells to Cross-Prime Tumor-Specific CD8 Response

Investigation of Live Attenuated Measles Virus Vaccine as Anti Tumor Agent

History of Oncolytic Viruses: Genesis to Genetic Engineering

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