Measles epidemiology and vaccination coverage in Oromia Region, Ethiopia: Evidence from surveillance, 2011–2018

Yitbarek, Kiddus; Tilahun, Tizta; Debela, Tessema; Abdena, Dereje; Girma, Tsinuel

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.015

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This age group generally corresponds to the period after weaning from breastfeeding when the child is no longer protected by maternal antibodies. The predominance of boys was found in the study by Yitbarek [11,12]. To date, there are no plausible scientific explanations for the male predominance of measles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Measles-Associated Pneumonia in Children: A Report from Pediatrics Department of Gabriel Toure University Teaching Hospital

2023

Arch Pediatr

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Measles-Associated Pneumonia in Children: A Report from Pediatrics Department of Gabriel Toure University Teaching Hospital

2023

Arch Pediatr

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“…Based on the Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS) 2019 report, the coverage of MCV1 was 59%, and the lowest coverage was in the Afar Region (28.5%) [ 8 ]. There was a persistently high incidence of measles in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia between 2011 and 2018, where 25,000 measles cases were reported [ 9 ]. A study that used the EMDHS 2019 data showed that the MCV2 coverage was 12.36% [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Measles Vaccination Coverage and Spatial Analysis of High Measles Vaccination Dropout in Ethiopia’s Underprivileged Areas

Shiferie,

Gebremedhin,

Andargie

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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(1) Background: Measles remains a major cause of disease and death worldwide, especially in the World Health Organization African Region. This study aimed to estimate the coverage of measles vaccinations and map the spatial distribution of measles vaccination dropout in Ethiopia; (2) Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Ethiopia’s underprivileged areas. The study included 3646 mothers/caregivers of children. ArcGIS for the spatial analysis, Global Moran’s I statistic for spatial autocorrelation, and Getis-Ord Gi* statistics for hot spot analysis were applied; (3) Results: Overall, coverages of measles-containing-vaccine first- and second-doses were 67% and 35%, respectively. Developing regions had the lowest coverages of measles-containing-vaccine first- and second-doses, 46.4% and 21.2%, respectively. On average, the measles vaccination dropout estimate was 48.3%. Refugees had the highest measles vaccination dropout estimate (56.4%). The hot spot analysis detected the highest burden of measles vaccination dropout mainly in the northeastern parts of Ethiopia, such as the Afar Region’s zones 1 and 5, the Amhara Region’s North Gondar Zone, and peripheral areas in the Benishangul Gumuz Region’s Assosa Zone; (4) Conclusions: The overall measles vaccination coverages were relatively low, and measles vaccination dropout estimates were high. Measles vaccination dropout hot spot areas were detected in the northeastern parts of Ethiopia.

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“…In settings where there is low coverage of MCV1, implementing MCV2 routine or supplementary immunisation activities (SIAs) to increase the proportion of two-dose individuals may result in a smaller effect than reaching zero-dose MCV individuals [ 10 ]. Delayed 1st dose of MCV may also be incorrectly reported in administrative records as 2nd dose of MCV, leading to incorrect assumptions of overall population immunity [ 11 ]. Given VE, to effectively control outbreak risk, measles immunisation programmes aim to understand the relationship between zero-dose, MCV1, and MCV2 immunisation proportions in individuals [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating effective measles vaccine coverage in the Malaysian population accounting for between-dose correlation and vaccine efficacy

Kumar,

Hartner,

Chandran

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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Background Malaysia introduced the two dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in 2004 as part of its measles elimination strategy. However, despite high historical coverage of MCV1 and MCV2, Malaysia continues to report high measles incidence. This study suggests a novel indicator for investigating population immunity against measles in the Malaysian population. Methods We define effective vaccine coverage (EVC) of measles as the proportion of a population vaccinated with measles-containing vaccine (MCV) and effectively protected against measles infection. A quantitative evaluation of EVC throughout the life course of Malaysian birth cohorts was conducted accounting for both vaccine efficacy (VE) and between-dose correlation (BdC). Measles vaccination coverage was sourced from WHO-UNICEF estimates of Malaysia’s routine immunisation coverage and supplementary immunisation activities (SIAs). United Nations World population estimates and projections (UNWPP) provided birth cohort sizes stratified by age and year. A step wise joint Bernoulli distribution was used to proportionate the Malaysian population born between 1982, the first year of Malaysia’s measles vaccination programme, and 2021, into individuals who received zero dose, one dose and multiple doses of MCV. VE estimates by age and doses received are then adopted to derive EVC. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using 1000 random combinations of BdC and VE parameters. Results This study suggests that no birth cohort in the Malaysian population has achieved > 95% population immunity (EVC) conferred through measles vaccination since the measles immunisation programme began in Malaysia. Conclusion The persistence of measles in Malaysia is due to pockets of insufficient vaccination coverage against measles in the population. Monitoring BdC through immunisation surveillance systems may allow for the identification of susceptible subpopulations (primarily zero-dose MCV individuals) and increase the coverage of individuals who are vaccinated with multiple doses of MCV. This study provides a tool for assessment of national-level population immunity of measles conferred through vaccination and does not consider subnational heterogeneity or vaccine waning. This tool can be readily applied to other regions and vaccine-preventable diseases.

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Measles epidemiology and vaccination coverage in Oromia Region, Ethiopia: Evidence from surveillance, 2011–2018

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Measles-Associated Pneumonia in Children: A Report from Pediatrics Department of Gabriel Toure University Teaching Hospital

Measles-Associated Pneumonia in Children: A Report from Pediatrics Department of Gabriel Toure University Teaching Hospital

Low Measles Vaccination Coverage and Spatial Analysis of High Measles Vaccination Dropout in Ethiopia’s Underprivileged Areas

Evaluating effective measles vaccine coverage in the Malaysian population accounting for between-dose correlation and vaccine efficacy

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