Measurement and analysis of the pure rotational spectra of tin monochloride, SnCl, using laser ablation equipped chirped pulse and cavity Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy

Grubbs, Garry S.; Frohman, Daniel J.; Novick, Stewart E.; Cooke, Stephen A.

doi:10.1016/j.jms.2012.07.013

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…The pure rotational spectrum of SnCl was assigned despite the challenge presented by the open-shell electronic structure of this molecule. 46 A laser vaporisation source has also been used to transfer biological molecules into the gas phase for study by CP-FTMW spectroscopy. 30 It is usually desirable to suppress biomolecule fragmentation and/or chemical reactions that yield other products so it is not necessarily favourable to generate plasma during such experiments.…”

Section: Exploiting Plasma Chemistry To Generate Novel Molecules and mentioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective on chemistry in transient plasma from broadband rotational spectroscopy

Zaleski

Stephens

Walker

2014

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Broadband rotational spectroscopy provides a new method by which plasma chemistry can be explored. Molecules and complexes form when precursors within an expanding gas sample are allowed to interact with plasma generated by an electrical discharge or laser vaporisation of a solid. It is thus possible to selectively generate specific molecules or complexes for study through a careful choice of appropriate precursors. It is also possible to survey an extensive range of the products formed under a given set of initial conditions in an approach termed "broadband reaction screening". Broadband rotational spectroscopy provides an opportunity to simultaneously monitor the transitions of many different chemical products and this allows broader details of reaction pathways to be inferred. This Perspective will describe various experimental approaches and review recent works that have applied broadband rotational spectroscopy to study molecules and complexes generated (in whole or in part) through chemistry occurring within transient plasma.

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Section: Exploiting Plasma Chemistry To Generate Novel Molecules and mentioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective on chemistry in transient plasma from broadband rotational spectroscopy

Zaleski

Stephens

Walker

2014

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…6 Recently, rotational spectroscopy techniques even demonstrated the capability to qualitatively and quantitatively determine chiral species in chemical mixtures. 7,8 Considerable amounts of information can be garnered from a rotational spectrum, benefiting a wide variety of areas including, but not limited to, atmospheric chemistry, 9 synthetic processes, 10 astrophysics/astrochemistry, 11 pharmaceuticals, 12 and instrument development. 13,14 Despite the growing use of rotational spectroscopy as a modern-day physical/analytical chemistry tool, students at the undergraduate level are rarely introduced to the theory, research, or instrumentation present within this field.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pure rotational spectroscopy has traditionally been used as a tool in the determination of gas-phase molecular structure inclusive of bonding strength, , geometry, , conformation, and internal rotation barriers . Recently, rotational spectroscopy techniques even demonstrated the capability to qualitatively and quantitatively determine chiral species in chemical mixtures. , Considerable amounts of information can be garnered from a rotational spectrum, benefiting a wide variety of areas including, but not limited to, atmospheric chemistry, synthetic processes, astrophysics/astrochemistry, pharmaceuticals, and instrument development. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost, Balle-Flygare-Type Cavity Fourier Transform Microwave Spectrometer and Pure Rotational Spectroscopy Laboratory for Teaching Physical Chemistry and Astronomy

2021

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Few laboratory exercises exist that introduce undergraduate students to both the concepts and instrumentation used in rotational spectroscopy. Because of this gap in undergraduate laboratory training, a teaching laboratory for the pure rotational spectroscopy of benzonitrile has been developed and reported. Owing to benzonitrile’s recent discovery in space, the molecular spectroscopic technique and target are applicable to both the physical chemistry and astronomy disciplines. Because of the size of the dipole moment and relative safety of the molecule chosen, the laboratory approach allows undergraduates to directly load, tune, measure, and assign spectra using the same quantum chemical approaches and spectroscopic assigning tools available to a researcher in the field. Concepts taught in this laboratory include the rigid and semirigid rotor, as well as low-level nuclear electric quadrupole coupling Hamiltonians. To minimize the budget and allow the students to get hands-on training with the rotational spectroscopy instrumentation, an interactive, low-cost, Balle-Flygare-type, cavity Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) spectrometer of research-grade quality was developed and is reported. Implementation of the laboratory exercise, time of exercise, and student response to the exercise is also reported.

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“…The instrument we use for the NaCl and KCl detections is novelit incorporates a recently developed miniature Fourier-transform millimeter-wave (FTmmW) cavity detector called SpecChip. − Millimeter-wave frequencies correspond to transitions between rotational energy levels and can be used to unequivocally determine the composition of the analyte, including isomers and isotopomers, based on the unique arrangement of atoms in the vaporized molecules . Pulsed carrier gas laser ablation sources like ours have been utilized by other laboratories to volatilize parent molecules for spectroscopic characterization , or to facilitate molecular synthesis by ablating a metal target and seeding the carrier with a reactant. − Such experiments are key for guiding radioastronomical searches for new molecules, , and our measurements demonstrate that the same laser-ablation and carrier-gas collisional cooling techniques are viable means of volatilizing solids for in situ millimeter-wave spectroscopy. To date, only pyrolysis sources have been used to do in situ molecular measurements of solids in space. − A pulsed laser ablation source would have the advantage of high spatial resolution, which is beneficial for probing microscopic grains in planetary exploration .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Laser-Volatilized Salts with a Miniature 100-GHz Spectrometer

et al. 2020

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Rotational transitions are unique identifiers of molecular species, including isotopologues. This article describes the rotational detections of two laser-volatilized salts, NaCl and KCl, made with a miniature Fourier transform millimeter-wave (FTmmW) cavity spectrometer that could one day be used to measure solid composition in the field or in space. The two salts are relevant targets for icy moons in the outer solar system, and in principle, other molecular solids could be analyzed with the FTmmW instrument. By coupling the spectrometer to a collisionally cooling laser ablation source, (a) we demonstrate that the FTmmW instrument is sensitive enough to detect ablation products, and (b) we use the small size of the FTmmW cavity to measure ablation product signal along the carrier gas beam. We find that for 532 nm nanosecond pulses, ablated molecules are widely dispersed in the carrier-gas jet. In addition to the miniature spectrometer results, we present several complementary measurements intended to characterize the laser ablation process. For pulse energies between 10 and 30 mJ, the ablation product yield increases linearly, reaching approximately 1012 salt molecules per 30 mJ pulse. Using mass spectrometry, we observe Li+, Na+, and K+ in the plumes of ablated NaCl, KCl, and LiCl, which implies dissociation of the volatilized material. We do not observe salt ions (e.g., NaCl+). However, with 800 nm femtosecond laser pulses, the triatomic ion clusters Li2Cl+, Na2Cl+, and K2Cl+ are produced. Finally, we observe incomplete volatilization with the nanosecond pulses: some of the ejecta are liquid droplets. The insights about ablation plume physics gleaned from these experiments should guide future implementations of the laser-volatilization technique.

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Measurement and analysis of the pure rotational spectra of tin monochloride, SnCl, using laser ablation equipped chirped pulse and cavity Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

A perspective on chemistry in transient plasma from broadband rotational spectroscopy

A perspective on chemistry in transient plasma from broadband rotational spectroscopy

Low-Cost, Balle-Flygare-Type Cavity Fourier Transform Microwave Spectrometer and Pure Rotational Spectroscopy Laboratory for Teaching Physical Chemistry and Astronomy

Detecting Laser-Volatilized Salts with a Miniature 100-GHz Spectrometer

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