Measurement methodologies for wind energy based on ground-level remote sensing

Gryning, Sven‐Erik; Mikkelsen, Torben; Baehr, Christophe; Dabas, Alain; Gómez, Pedro López; O’Connor, Ewan; Rottner, Lucie; Sjöholm, Mikael; Suomi, Irene; Vasiljević, Nikola

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100504-0.00002-0

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In the cases shown in Figure 3, the mean CNR is −4.3 dB at 450 m and −32 dB at 1,950 m height above ground. To exclude the impact of noise, the CNR is used for data screening in many studies (Boquet et al ., 2016; Gryning et al ., 2016; 2017). In addition to using the CNR to screen noise and invalid data, the CI can also be applied.…”

Section: Data Exploitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We applied this algorithm on the lidar data from vertical stares, but it is not implemented for VAD scans. The most commonly used CNR threshold for other lidar systems is −22 dB (Frehlich, 1996; Gryning et al ., 2016; 2017) or −27 dB for Windcube 200S (Boquet et al ., 2016). However, there are indications that those thresholds might be too high for Iceland since the atmosphere is often quite clean and, subsequently, the number of scatterers small.…”

Section: Data Exploitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of eddy dissipation rate by Doppler lidar in Reykjavik, Iceland

Yang

Petersen

Löwis

et al. 2020

Meteorological Applications

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The temporal and spatial scale of atmospheric turbulence can be highly dynamic, requiring sophisticated methods for adequate detection and monitoring with high resolution. Doppler light detection and ranging (lidar) systems have been widely used to observe and monitor wind velocity and atmospheric turbulence profiles as Doppler lidar systems can provide continuous information about wind fields. The use of lidars in the subarctic region is particularly challenging as aerosol abundance can be very low, leading to weak backscatter signals. In the present study, we analysed data collected with a Leosphere Windcube 200S lidar system stationed in Reykjavik, Iceland, to estimate the eddy dissipation rate (EDR) as an indicator of turbulence intensity. For this purpose, we retrieved radial wind velocity observations from velocity-azimuth display scans and computed the EDR based on the Kolmogorov theory. We compared different noise filter thresholds, scan strategies and calculation approaches during typical Icelandic weather conditions to assess the accuracy and the uncertainty of our EDR estimations. The developed algorithm can process raw lidar observations, retrieve EDR and determine the qualitative distribution of the EDR. The processed lidar observations suggest that lidar observations can be of high importance for potential end-users, for example air traffic controllers and aviation safety experts. The work is an essential step towards enhanced aviation safety in Iceland where aerosol concentration is in general low and severe turbulence occurs regularly.

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Section: Data Exploitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Exploitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of eddy dissipation rate by Doppler lidar in Reykjavik, Iceland

Yang

Petersen

Löwis

et al. 2020

Meteorological Applications

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“…A lidar (light detection and ranging) system is an active remote sensing technology, which is used in different sectors, from auto-driven cars' sensor [1] to civil engineering structure monitoring [2]. It is also used in meteorology, mainly focused on wind detection [3][4][5][6] and aerosol and cloud detection [7,8], depending on the type of lidar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Dust Events Using Doppler Lidar and Ceilometer in Iceland

Yang

Preißler²,

Wiegner

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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Ground-based lidars and ceilometers are widely used for dust and volcanic ash observation around the world. This is particularly interesting in Iceland where high-altitude dust events occur frequently during strong wind conditions and volcanic eruptions. To explore the possible application of such technologies in Iceland for monitoring dust events, we used a combination of Doppler wind lidars with depolarization channels, ceilometers, and other instruments, to monitor two dust events that occurred in Iceland during summer 2019. We applied a verified ceilometer data processing procedure with customized local corrections and developed a new procedure to process Doppler lidar data for aerosols measurements. Both lidar and ceilometer observations can be used to detect the dust layer and reveal the temporal and vertical distribution of dust aerosols in Iceland. The depolarization ratio measurements indicate that the weather conditions, e.g., relative humidity, could have a significant impact on lidar measurements. We conclude that using Doppler wind lidar and ceilometer measurements to monitor volcanic and sedimentary aerosols is possible and may be used to provide important information to the scientific community.

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“…This limitation in height coverage from instrumented masts has resulted—albeit some mainly on trial basis—in the use of a number of remote sensing techniques in wind energy resource assessment studies, including satellites in the off-shore environment [15,16], dual-Doppler radar [17], and Doppler wind lidars [18,19]. To meet the requirements for resolution and accuracy that are needed for wind energy resource assessment, the Doppler wind lidar has become the remote sensing instrument of preference since its appearance as a commercially available unit, although still not fully recognized as a bankable alternative to the traditional wind speed measurements by cup-anemometers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carrier-to-Noise-Threshold Filtering on Off-Shore Wind Lidar Measurements

Gryning

Floors

2019

Sensors

Self Cite

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Wind lidar observations are characterized by a Carrier-to-Noise-Ratio that is often used to filter the observations. The choice of the Carrier-to-Noise-Ratio threshold value for the wind lidar observations is found to have an effect on the climatological wind speed distribution in such a way that when the Carrier-to-Noise-Ratio (CNR) threshold value is increased the wind speed distribution is shifted to higher values. Based on one year of observations carried out with a wind lidar from 126 m to 626 m height at the FINO3 (Forschungsplattform in Nord- und Ostsee Nr. 3) research platform in the North Sea, the effect that the choice of the Carrier-to-Noise threshold value has on the climatology of the wind speed and direction as well as the wind power density in relation to wind energy is illustrated and discussed. In the one-year data set considered here it is found that for thresholds larger than −29 dB, the mean wind speed and wind rose measured by the wind lidar become a function of the threshold value, and for values smaller than ~ −29 dB further decrease of the Carrier-to-Noise-Ratio threshold has a minor effect on the estimated mean wind speed and wind rose. The analysis of the data set from the North Sea shows that the limit for the Carrier-to-Noise-Ratio of the observations should be −29 dB or less to obtain a threshold independent estimate of the mean wind speed and wind rose. Alternatively, all valid observations should be used for the analysis. Although this study is specific for the conditions in the North Sea, we suggest that for a representative estimation of the wind resource with wind lidars, the effect of the CNR threshold filtering on the wind distribution should be studied when the recovery rate is less than 100%.

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Measurement methodologies for wind energy based on ground-level remote sensing

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

Determination of eddy dissipation rate by Doppler lidar in Reykjavik, Iceland

Determination of eddy dissipation rate by Doppler lidar in Reykjavik, Iceland

Monitoring Dust Events Using Doppler Lidar and Ceilometer in Iceland

Carrier-to-Noise-Threshold Filtering on Off-Shore Wind Lidar Measurements

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