Measurement of chemical elements in rain from Rancho Viejo, a rural wooded area in the State of Mexico, Mexico

Garcı́a, Rocı́o; Torres, Cristian; Padilla, Hugo; Bélmont, R.; Azpra, E.; Árcega-Cabrera, Flor; Báez, A.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.048

Cited by 46 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…, with the exception of Cr and Zn, suggesting the anthropogenic origin of the species. These correlations were also observed in previous studies (Garcia et al, 2006;Jung et al, 2011). Significant correlations between SO 2− 4 and trace metals in rainwater were observed in Clarke and Radojevic (1987).…”

Section: Variations In Trace Metal Levels In Rainwatersupporting

confidence: 74%

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Confirming anthropogenic influences on the major organic and inorganic constituents of rainwater in an urban area

Chon

Kim

Bae

et al. 2015

Drink. Water Eng. Sci.

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Abstract.Recently, rainwater composition affected by atmospheric pollutants has been the topic of intense study in East Asia because of its adverse environmental and human health effects. In the present study, the chemical composition and organic compounds of rainwater were investigated from June to December 2012 at Gwangju in Korea. The aim of this study is to determine the seasonal variation of rainwater chemical composition and to identify possible sources of inorganic and organic compounds. The volumeweighted mean of pH ranged from 3.83 to 8.90 with an average of 5.78. Of rainwater samples, 50 % had pH values below 5.6. The volume-weighted mean concentration (VWMC) of major ions followed the orderThe VWMC of trace metals decreased in the order Zn > Al > Fe > Mn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd > Cr. The VWMCs of major ions and trace metals were higher in winter than in summer. The high enrichment factors indicate that Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd originated predominantly from anthropogenic sources. Factor analysis (principal component analysis) indicates the influence of anthropogenic pollutants, sea salt, and crustal materials on the chemical compositions of rainwater. Benzoic acids, 1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, phthalic anhydride, benzene, acetic acids, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acids, benzonitrile, acetaldehyde, and acetamide were the most prominent pyrolysis fragments for rainwater organic compounds identified by pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The results indicate that anthropogenic sources are the most important factors affecting the organic composition of rainwater in an urban area.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the Delft University of Technology.

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Section: Variations In Trace Metal Levels In Rainwatersupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Factor analysis (principal component analysis) has been widely applied in previous studies to investigate the influence of different sources on the chemical components in precipitation Garcia et al, 2006;Panyakapo and Onchang, 2008). A varimax-rotated principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using Minitab version 16 for Windows.…”

Section: Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirming anthropogenic influences on the major organic and inorganic constituents of rainwater in an urban area

Chon

Kim

Bae

et al. 2015

Drink. Water Eng. Sci.

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“…Among the samples, 84% of the pH values were <5.6. The pH of uncontaminated precipitation is considered to be 5.0-5.6; this acidity originates from natural levels of atmospheric CO2, NOx, and SOx [49]. About 66% of the rain samples had a pH < 5.0, indicating that the rain samples were affected by additional acidic components.…”

Section: Aciditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition of Water Soluble Inorganic Species in Precipitation at Shihwa Basin, Korea

et al. 2015

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“…6). The later statement hints at the importance of wind in the abundance of heavy metals and their variability (García et al, 2006). However, the site is located at an altitude of 2920 masl, which is higher than Mexico City.…”

Section: Trace Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of heavy metals in condensed atmospheric water vapor at three Mexican localities

Bautista-Olivas

Cruz‐Bautista

Álvarez-Chávez

et al. 2017

Atm

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RESUMENLa condensación de agua es una técnica que puede aprovecharse para mitigar la escasez de agua para consumo humano. Sin embargo, es necesario garantizar que tenga la calidad suficiente para utilizarse sin comprometer la salud del consumidor. En este trabajo se cuantificaron los elementos traza como As, Ba, Cu, Cd, Cr, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb y Zn, el potencial hidrógeno (pH) y la conductividad eléctrica (CE), en el agua condensada de la atmósfera en tres localidades de México. El agua se condensó con un prototipo que induce el punto de rocío a partir de la humedad atmosférica. Se obtuvieron un total de 108 muestras en los tres sitios de estudio, en dos épocas del año (lluvias y secas) y en dos turnos (diurno y nocturno). Los metales pesados se analizaron con un espectrofotómetro de plasma acoplado inductivamente (ICP-MS, por sus siglas en ingles). El pH y la CE se midieron con un potenciómetro/conductímetro. Se encontraron Pb, Fe y Cd en 91.66%, 58.33% y 33% de las muestras, respectivamente, en concentraciones que superan la norma de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para agua destinada a consumo humano. El pH y la CE están dentro de los límites establecidos por el Departamento de Asuntos del Agua de Namibia. El contenido de metales traza en el agua condensada de la atmósfera cumple con los límites permisibles señalados por la OMS para la mayoría de los elementos analizados en este trabajo. ABSTRACTThe condensation of water vapor is a very useful technique in mitigating the scarcity of water resources for human consumption; however, the quality of this water must meet the highest standards to avoid becoming a health hazard. The present study quantifies trace elements such as As, Ba, Cu, Cd, Cr, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, and Zn, as well as pH and electrical conductivity (EC), in condensed atmospheric water vapor at three localities in Mexico. Atmospheric water vapor was condensed with an atmospheric water generator prototype. A total of 108 samples were obtained from three survey sites over the course of two seasons (wet and dry) during day/night shifts. The concentration of heavy metals was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The pH and EC parameters were measured with a potentiometer/conductometer. We found Pb, Fe, and Cd in 91.66, 58.33, and 33% of the samples, respectively, at concentrations exceeding those permitted by the World Health Organization (WHO) for water intended for human consumption. Both pH and EC were within the limits established by the Department of Water Affairs of Namibia. The concentrations of trace metals in condensed atmospheric water vapor samples were within the maximum permissible limits determined by WHO for most elements analyzed in this study.

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Measurement of chemical elements in rain from Rancho Viejo, a rural wooded area in the State of Mexico, Mexico

Cited by 46 publications

References 24 publications

Confirming anthropogenic influences on the major organic and inorganic constituents of rainwater in an urban area

Confirming anthropogenic influences on the major organic and inorganic constituents of rainwater in an urban area

Chemical Composition of Water Soluble Inorganic Species in Precipitation at Shihwa Basin, Korea

Concentration of heavy metals in condensed atmospheric water vapor at three Mexican localities

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