Measurement of spatial filtering capabilities of single mode infrared fibers

Ksendzov, A.; Bloemhof, E. E.; White, Victor; Wallace, J. Kent; Gappinger, Robert O.; Sanghera, J.S.; Busse, Lynda E.; Kim, W. J.; Pureza, Pablo C.; Nguyen, Vinh; Aggarwal, Ishwar D.; Shalem, Shaul; Katzir, Abraham

doi:10.1117/12.673388

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The presented technique is an improvement on measurements we reported previously [6]. First, it delivers independent measurement of T F , which is important for designing the optical system and for optimizing the fiber fabrication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Characterization of mid-infrared single mode fibers as modal filters

Ksendzov¹,

Lay²,

Martin³

et al. 2007

Appl. Opt.

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We present a technique for measuring the modal filtering ability of single mode fibers. The ideal modal filter rejects all input field components that have no overlap with the fundamental mode of the filter and does not attenuate the fundamental mode. We define the quality of a nonideal modal filter Q(f) as the ratio of transmittance for the fundamental mode to the transmittance for an input field that has no overlap with the fundamental mode. We demonstrate the technique on a 20 cm long mid-infrared fiber that was produced by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. The filter quality Q(f) for this fiber at 10.5 microm wavelength is 1000+/-300. The absorption and scattering losses in the fundamental mode are approximately 8 dB/m. The total transmittance for the fundamental mode, including Fresnel reflections, is 0.428+/-0.002. The application of interest is the search for extrasolar Earthlike planets using nulling interferometry. It requires high rejection ratios to suppress the light of a bright star, so that the faint planet becomes visible. The use of modal filters increases the rejection ratio (or, equivalently, relaxes requirements on the wavefront quality) by reducing the sensitivity to small wavefront errors. We show theoretically that, exclusive of coupling losses, the use of a modal filter leads to the improvement of the rejection ratio in a two-beam interferometer by a factor of Q(f).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Characterization of mid-infrared single mode fibers as modal filters

Ksendzov¹,

Lay²,

Martin³

et al. 2007

Appl. Opt.

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…The use of modal filters increases the rejection ratio (or, equivalently, relaxes requirements on the wavefront quality) by reducing the sensitivity to small wavefront errors. Ksendzov et al [31,32] reported a technique for measuring the modal filtering ability of single mode chalcogenide fibers. The ideal modal filter rejects all input field components that have no overlap with the fundamental mode of the filter and does not attenuate the fundamental mode.…”

Section: Mid-infrared Single Mode Fibers As Modal Filtersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(b) Planet detection using a two-beam interferometer. Configurations with and without the use of a modal filter (denoted as A and B, respectively) are shown[31,32].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in chalcogenide fiber technology at NRL

Kim

Nguyen

Shaw

et al. 2016

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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“…limit stellar rejection). At longer MIR wavelengths (∼10 µm), there are fewer materials available to make fibers, and fiber lengths are limited [583,584], both potentially limiting the approach to true SM rejection. SMFs are also sensitive to environmental (i.e.…”

Section: Current and Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

2023 Astrophotonics Roadmap: pathways to realizing multi-functional integrated astrophotonic instruments

Jovanovic,

Gatkine,

Anugu

et al. 2023

J. Phys. Photonics

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Photonic technologies offer numerous functionalities that can be used to realize astrophotonic instruments. The most spectacular example to date is the ESO Gravity instrument at the Very Large Telescope in Chile that combines the light-gathering power of four 8-m telescopes through a complex photonic interferometer. Fully integrated astrophotonic devices offer critical advantages for instrument development, including extreme miniaturization when operating at the diffraction-limit, plus integration, superior thermal and mechanical stabilization owing to the small footprint, and high replicability offering significant cost savings. Numerous astrophotonic technologies have been developed to address shortcomings of conventional instruments to date, including the development of photonic lanterns to convert from multimode inputs to single mode outputs, complex aperiodic fiber Bragg gratings to filter OH emission from the atmosphere, beam combiners enabling long baseline interferometry with for example, ESO Gravity, and laser frequency combs for high precision spectral calibration of spectrometers. Despite these successes, the facility implementation of photonic solutions in astronomical instrumentation is currently limited because of 1) low throughputs from coupling to fibers, coupling fibers to chips, propagation and bend losses, device losses, etc., 2) difficulties with scaling to large channel count devices needed for large bandwidths and high resolutions, and 3) efficient integration of photonics with detectors. In this roadmap, we identify 23 key areas that need further development. We outline the challenges and advances needed across those areas covering design tools, simulation capabilities, fabrication processes, the need for entirely new components, integration and hybridization and the characterization of devices. To realize these advances the astrophotonics community will have to work cooperatively with industrial partners who have more advanced manufacturing capabilities. With the advances described herein, multi-functional integrated instruments will be realized leading to novel observing capabilities for both ground and space based platforms, enabling new scientific studies and discoveries.

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Measurement of spatial filtering capabilities of single mode infrared fibers

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Characterization of mid-infrared single mode fibers as modal filters

Characterization of mid-infrared single mode fibers as modal filters

Recent progress in chalcogenide fiber technology at NRL

2023 Astrophotonics Roadmap: pathways to realizing multi-functional integrated astrophotonic instruments

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