Measurement of springback

Carden, W.D; Geng, Lumin; Matlock, David K.; Wagoner, R. H.

doi:10.1016/s0020-7403(01)00082-0

Cited by 171 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The value of springback coefficient depends on, among others, the value of angle and radius of bending, thickness and width of the sheet strip, the mechanical properties of the sheet material, the temperature of bending process, and strain rate [1]. The investigations of Caden et al [2] proved the effect of coefficient of friction on the springback amount.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Computational Parameters on Springback Prediction by Numerical Simulation

Trzepieciński

Lemu

2017

Metals

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Elastic recovery of the material, called springback, is one of the problems in sheet metal forming of drawpieces, especially with a complex shape. The springback can be influenced by various technological, geometrical, and material parameters. In this paper the results of experimental testing and numerical study are presented. The experiments are conducted on DC04 steel sheets, commonly used in the automotive industry. The numerical analysis of V-die air bending tests is carried out with the finite element method (FEM)-based ABAQUS/Standard 2016 program. A quadratic Hill anisotropic yield criterion is compared with an isotropic material described by the von Mises yield criterion. The effect of a number of integration points and integration rules on the springback amount and computation time is also considered. Two integration rules available in ABAQUS: the Gauss' integration rule and Simpson's integration rule are considered. The effect of sample orientation according to the sheet rolling direction and friction contact behaviour on the prediction of springback is also analysed. It is observed that the width of the sample bend in the V-bending test influences the stress-state in the cross-section of the sample. Different stress-states in the sample bend of the V-shaped die cause that the sheet undergoes springback in different planes. Friction contact phenomena slightly influences the springback behaviour.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Computational Parameters on Springback Prediction by Numerical Simulation

Trzepieciński

Lemu

2017

Metals

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“…As springback can produce unexpected geometric errors, it can cause difficulties when assembling deformed parts. Therefore, a large amount of research has been conducted on springback prediction and compensation in terms of experiments and simulations [7][8][9][10]. These valuablevalued achievements have helped people obtain a better understanding of this unique phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diehl et al [18] performed free bending test to find that the scatter of springback angles in coarse-grained material was greater than that in the fine-grained one. [9]Recently, increasing numbers of research are focusing on the grain structure [19] and grains' stress-strain state [20,21] to explain the correlation between the grain size effect and springback.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Grain Size on Springback and System Energy in Micro V-Bending with Phosphor Bronze Foil

Fang

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2015

Metall Mater Trans A

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In this paper, the effect of grain size on springback in the micro V-bending process of phosphor bronze foil (face-centered cubic structure) is investigated. Grain size effect is expressed by the ratio of material thickness (T) to average grain size (D), and these T/D values are divided into three groups: larger than 1, less than 1, and approximately equal to 1. It has been found that springback angles were the lowest when T/D ≈ 1. Electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) measurement results show that the twinning boundaries change with the ratios of T/D before and after bending. When T/D > 1, the high relative frequency of Σ3 implies that the specimen has a high system energy, which can result in large springback behavior. The equal relative frequencies of Σ3 for specimens with three ratios also prove that twinning boundaries can be regarded as an indicator of system energy. The effect of grain size on grain reorientation during bending is also discussed, and it was found that the least quantities of high surface energy {110} planes in the T/D ≈ 1 material could contribute to the least springback angles. the high relative frequency of Σ3 implies that the system specimen has a high system energy, which can result in large springback behaviour. The equal relative frequencies of Σ3 after bending for three ratios' specimens also prove that twinning boundaries can be regarded as an indicator of system energy. Moreover, the effect of grain size on grain reorientation during bending was discussed, and the least quantities of high surface energy {110} planes in the T/D≈1 material could contribute to the least springback angles.

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“…The phenomenon has been analysed using different procedures over the last few decades. Early works by researchers developed correction curves using empirical relations based on experimental testing [1][2]. Many analytical solutions have subsequently been derived [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Closed Form Solution for Predicting Springback in Bending of Beams Including Hardening Effect

Castro¹,

Durodola

2009

Volume 5 Number 2

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ABSTRACT:Springback is an implicit phenomenon in most forming processes and needs to be accounted for in the design of forming tools. This is essential in order to limit the number of iterations required during the design and fabrication of forming tools and dies. This work presents a closed form solution for predicting springback in bending including hardening effect. Springback was also determined using experimental testing. The results obtained are compared with analytical results and the influence of hardening on springback is analysed. INTRODUCTIONSheet metal forming is one of the most important manufacturing processes for mass production in industry. Several sheet-forming processes include bending. In these processes, plastic deformation is followed by some elastic recovery upon unloading. This change in shape is known as springback and its extent depends on material properties, geometry and tooling dimensions. Springback can be particularly significant in structures, panels and components formed into large radii.Springback results in the deviation of a component from a desired shape after the forming load is removed. This means that additional geometric adjustments have to be made to account for it in the design of forming tools and dies. The phenomenon has been analysed using different procedures over the last few decades. Early works by researchers developed correction curves using empirical relations based on experimental testing [1-2]. Many analytical solutions have subsequently been derived [3][4][5][6]. A good review of these previous works can be found in references [7][8][9]. Other workers have used the finite element method [10][11].The earliest attempt to find an analytical solution for springback correction was started by Sturm and Fletcher [3] in the aircraft industry in the early 1940s. The solution developed was however cumbersome to apply. It requires explicit determination of distances from the neutral plane to beam surfaces as well as surface stresses. Schroeder [5] presented another analytical solution in 1943 but this was also rather complex to implement. It was not until the late 1950s when by examining narrow beams of an elastic-perfectly plastic material that Gardiner [6] developed a solution for determining springback after bending that was far simpler to use. Gardiner's formula has been embraced by the metals forming community for decades as a very good approximation for the calculation of springback.As highlighted in the foregoing, Gardiner's solution assumes elastic perfectly plastic material behaviour. Most engineering materials however exhibit strain hardening with significant increase in strength in the post yield regime. It will therefore be helpful to obtain a more general and accurate closed form equation for predicting springback that account for this factor. This work presents a closed form solution for predicting springback in bending including hardening effect. Springback was also determined by experimental testing and the results obtained are compared with analytical...

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Measurement of springback

Cited by 171 publications

References 32 publications

Effect of Computational Parameters on Springback Prediction by Numerical Simulation

Effect of Computational Parameters on Springback Prediction by Numerical Simulation

Effect of Grain Size on Springback and System Energy in Micro V-Bending with Phosphor Bronze Foil

A Closed Form Solution for Predicting Springback in Bending of Beams Including Hardening Effect

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