Measurement of the parameters of the mass transfer kinetics in high performance liquid chromatography

Abstract

Fundamental studies of the mass transfer kinetics are as essential as those of the retention equilibrium for a detailed understanding of the characteristics and the mechanisms of chromatographic separations. The acquisition of a large amount of reliable experimental data and of meaningful results is necessary for any further progress of our knowledge of kinetics. The main goal of this review is to provide information on the methods used to perform accurate measurements and on the data analysis procedures used for deriving the kinetic parameters characterizing mass transfer in HPLC. First, the general characteristics of several methods of determination of some kinetic parameters are briefly reviewed. Secondly, we give detailed explanations of the experimental conditions of the pulse on a plateau method (i.e., elution chromatography on a plateau of finite concentration or pulse response method) and of the data analysis procedures based on moment analysis. Thirdly, we explain some important requirements for the acquisition of appropriate experimental data and discuss corrections to be applied when deriving several kinetic parameters. Fourthly, we discuss the accuracy of the kinetic parameters derived from the pulse on a plateau method and from moment analysis. Finally, some results concerning the mass transfer kinetics in RPLC systems are demonstrated as examples.

Adsorption of pyridine from aqueous solutions by polymeric adsorbents MN 200 and MN 500. Part 2: Kinetics and diffusion analysis

“…These processes have been modelled as a fractal-like dependence of diffusion coefficient [34,41,42], or to involve correlated variables, by categorising the adsorption kinetics into macropore and micropore diffusional regions, respectively [32,39,43]. As a key element for assessing the adsorption performance, the importance of surface diffusion in contributing to the total adsorbent mass transfer in porous materials has been highlighted in many liquid-surface adsorption systems [44,45].…”

Kinetic Study of the Intermolecular Interaction between 2-Phenoxypropionic Acid and β-Bromo-cyclodextrin Affixed on the Stationary Phase by Liquid Chromatography

“…Both PR [24][25][26] and PP 27 experiments were conducted under SEC and chiral separation conditions for deriving information about some related parameters. The experimental conditions are explained in Supporting Information.…”

Moment Equations for Chromatography Using Superficially Porous Spherical Particles

“…[16][17][18][19][20][21][22]32,33 This is the very reason to develop the shell-type particles for fast chromatography. It is attempted to suppress the contribution of intraparticulate mass transfer to band broadening by reducing the diffusion distance of sample molecules, while preventing the diminution of the retention factor by adjusting the ratio of the shell thickness to the total particle radius and keeping the column back pressure at a low level by retaining the relatively large size of the whole particle.…”

“…[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] Then, a set of moment equations were used for analyzing experimental data of chromatographic behavior of shell-type particles, which were previously published by other researchers, 39 in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new moment equations.…”

“…The moment analysis method is one of the effective strategies for more accurate and quantitative analysis of chromatographic behavior. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Important information about the retention equilibrium and mass transfer kinetics in the column can be obtained from the elution peak profiles. Moment equations theoretically explain how the first absolute moment (μ1) and the second central moment (μ2′) of the elution peaks are correlated with several parameters of the retention equilibrium, mass-transfer rate, and reaction kinetics with physically justifications.…”