Measurements of Wind-Driven Flow Profiles in the Top Millimeter of Water

McLeish, William; Putland, Gerald E.

doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1975)005<0516:mowdfp>2.0.co;2

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, our measurements from nonslick areas demonstrate the skin SST to be always lower than the subskin SST (see Figure b; 23:45 UTC to 01:15 UTC). The cooling effect is in line with the increased thickness of the thermal conduction layer induced by the wave‐damping phenomena reducing near‐surface turbulence (McLeish & Putland, ). In contrast, slicks may also inhibit evaporation due to a close packed monomolecular film (La Mer & Healy, ) and/or, a gel‐like matrix (Wurl et al, ), which could also include monomolecular surface films.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Warming and Inhibition of Salinization at the Ocean's Surface by Cyanobacteria

Wurl

Bird

Cunliffe

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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This paper describes high‐resolution in situ observations of temperature and, for the first time, of salinity in the uppermost skin layer of the ocean, including the influence of large surface blooms of cyanobacteria on those skin properties. In the presence of the blooms, large anomalies of skin temperature and salinity of 0.95°C and −0.49 practical salinity unit were found, but a substantially cooler (−0.22°C) and saltier skin layer (0.19 practical salinity unit) was found in the absence of surface blooms. The results suggest that biologically controlled warming and inhibition of salinization of the ocean's surface occur. Less saline skin layers form during precipitation, but our observations also show that surface blooms of Trichodesmium sp. inhibit evaporation decreasing the salinity at the ocean's surface. This study has important implications in the assessment of precipitation over the ocean using remotely sensed salinity, but also for a better understanding of heat exchange and the hydrologic cycle on a regional scale.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Warming and Inhibition of Salinization at the Ocean's Surface by Cyanobacteria

Wurl

Bird

Cunliffe

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Except for Khundzhua and Andreyev's measurement, which might have been obtained during nearly free convection conditions, there are no field measurements to verify the predicted exponential temperature profile. However, McLeish and Putland (1975) observed velocity profiles in the viscous boundary layer in a water tank with wind stress on the surface. Their mean profile of the downwind velocity component is exponential in shape.…”

Section: Forced Convection Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

The aqueous thermal boundary layer

Katsaros

1980

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

113

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This article reviews the available data, measurement techniques, and present understanding of the millimeter thick aqueous thermal boundary layer. A temperature difference between the surface and lower strata, AT, of the order of a few tenths to -1 "C have been observed. Techniques ranging from miniature mercury thermometers and electrical point sensors to optical interferometry and infrared radiometry have been employed. Many processes influence the temperature structure in this thin boundary layer. Among them are: the net upward heat flux due to evaporation and sensible heat transfer; infrared and solar radiation; and the turbulence near the interface due to wind mixing, wave breaking and current shear. Presence of solute and surface-active materials stimulate or dampen these mixing processes thereby influencing boundary-layer thickness and temperature structure.

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“…The thickness of the viscous sublayer, and consequently that of the thermal sublayer, at the interface are therefore thinner. Previous measurements of the viscous sublayer (Wu, 1975;McLeish and Putland, 1975) substantiated the thinning effects of the interfacial characteristics on the sublayer. Our recent results (Wu, 1984) indicate that the thinning is relatively more effective at lower wind velocities where the sublayer is thicker.…”

Section: Justificationsmentioning

confidence: 89%

On the cool skin of the ocean

1985

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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Measurements of Wind-Driven Flow Profiles in the Top Millimeter of Water

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Warming and Inhibition of Salinization at the Ocean's Surface by Cyanobacteria

Warming and Inhibition of Salinization at the Ocean's Surface by Cyanobacteria

The aqueous thermal boundary layer

On the cool skin of the ocean

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