Measurements While Fracturing: Nonintrusive Method of Hydraulic Fracturing Monitoring

Parkhonyuk, Sergey; Fedorov, Andrey; Kabannik, Artem; Korkin, Roman; Nikolaev, Max; Tsygulev, Ivan

doi:10.2118/189886-ms

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The cepstrum analysis is employed to analyze the diversion of the fluid acceptance zone, facilitating the evaluation of diversion effectiveness [15].…”

Section: The Cepstrum Analysis and Error Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water hammer, a sudden pressure pulsation occurring upon pump shutdown, propagates along the wellbore and interacts with fractures or other downhole events [12][13][14]. These interactions alter the pressure signal feature, conveying valuable subsurface information that can be identified using water hammer diagnostics [3,[15][16][17]. The attenuation of the water hammer signal is an important feature to reflect the complexity of fractures, while the water hammer oscillation time is an intuitive manifestation of attenuation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oscillation Times in Water Hammer Signatures: New Insights for the Evaluation of Diversion Effectiveness in Field Cases

Liu,

Yue,

Wang

et al. 2024

Processes

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Diversion is a crucial technique for effectively improving shale reservoir production by creating more complex fracture networks. Evaluating diversion effectiveness is necessary to optimize the parameters in hydraulic fracturing. Water hammer diagnostics, an emerging fracturing diagnosis technique, evaluate diversion effectiveness by analyzing water hammer signals. The water hammer attenuation, as indicated by the oscillation time, correlates with the complexity of fracture networks. However, it remains unclear whether the oscillation time is associated with diversion effectiveness. This paper elucidates the relationship between the water hammer oscillation time and diversion effectiveness by taking the probability of diversion and the treating pressure response as the evaluation criteria. Initially, a high-frequency pressure sensor was installed at the wellhead to sample the water hammer signals. Next, the oscillation times were determined using the feature extraction method. Simultaneously, the probability of diversion and the treating pressure response were calculated using the cepstrum error function and treating pressure curve, respectively. Then, the relationship between the oscillation time and diversion effectiveness was analyzed. Finally, a rapid judgment method for evaluating diversion effectiveness based on the water hammer oscillation time was proposed. The results indicated a negative correlation between the probability of diversion and the oscillation time, with higher probabilities resulting in lower oscillation times. The oscillation times exhibited a negative correlation with the treating pressure response, including the treating pressure increases and diversion pressure spikes, wherein a greater pressure differential led to lower oscillation times. Drawing from the statistics of a shale gas horizontal well in Sichuan, a better diversion effectiveness is associated with fewer oscillations, demonstrating a negative correlation between the diversion effectiveness and the oscillation time in water hammer signatures. Finally, a rapid judgment method for evaluating diversion effectiveness was proposed, utilizing the 95% confidence interval of the mean oscillation time. This paper offers useful insights into evaluating diversion performance in field cases.

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“…The cepstrum analysis is employed to analyze the diversion of the fluid acceptance zone, facilitating the evaluation of diversion effectiveness [15].…”

Section: The Cepstrum Analysis and Error Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oscillation Times in Water Hammer Signatures: New Insights for the Evaluation of Diversion Effectiveness in Field Cases

Liu,

Yue,

Wang

et al. 2024

Processes

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show abstract

“…A water-hammer signal is a period of pressure pulsation obtained on a surface after fracturing shut-in and contains information regarding the wellbore and hydraulic fracture. Therefore, diagnostic methods based on the wellhead waterhammer pressure are gradually highlighted owing to their cost effectiveness and simplicity [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on field experience, this method is applicable to large-cluster space fracturing [9]. Nonetheless, identifying the precise locations of perforation clusters remains challenging, particularly for high-frequency signals, owing to noise effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A diagnostic model for hydraulic fracture in naturally fractured reservoir utilising water-hammer signal

Deng,

Yi,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Diagnostic technique for hydraulic fracture based on the water-hammer pressure have been gradually highlighted owing to their cost effectiveness and simplicity. The present diagnostic models overlook the effects of fluid leak-off and natural fracture, and it is limited in naturally fractured reservoir. In this study, the location and number of hydraulic fractures are first obtained through the enhancement and cepstrum processing of a water-hammer signal. Subsequently, the water-hammer pressure within the wellbore is calculated by solving the continuity and momentum equations for the fluid. Wellbore and hydraulic fractures are considered as a hydraulic system. To estimate the fracture dimension, flow boundary conditions are imposed to the fluid leak-off, interactions between natural and hydraulic fractures, and multifracture stress shadows. Based on the results, (1) the fracturing shut-in method can be appropriately adjusted to avoid large pressure pulsations, which damage well integrity, and to obtain a clear water-hammer signal for fracture diagnosis. (2) As the perforation cluster spacing increases, the fractures on both sides first decrease and then increase, whereas the centre fracture increases consistently. (3) Natural fractures reduce the hydraulic fracture dimensions but facilitate the creation of complex fracture networks; however, this complexity cannot be increased indefinitely. (4) The minimum horizontal stress decreases the fracture dimension and a greater difference in the horizontal stress renders it easier for hydraulic fractures to cross natural fractures to create larger dimensions. (5) The field study demonstrates the practicality of our model, and optimisation measures can be recommended based on the diagnostic results.

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Research and application of hydraulic fracturing fluid entry depth detection method based on water-hammer signal

Dong,

Zhu,

Wang

et al. 2025

Geoenergy Science and Engineering

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Measurements While Fracturing: Nonintrusive Method of Hydraulic Fracturing Monitoring

Cited by 20 publications

References 4 publications

Oscillation Times in Water Hammer Signatures: New Insights for the Evaluation of Diversion Effectiveness in Field Cases

Oscillation Times in Water Hammer Signatures: New Insights for the Evaluation of Diversion Effectiveness in Field Cases

A diagnostic model for hydraulic fracture in naturally fractured reservoir utilising water-hammer signal

Research and application of hydraulic fracturing fluid entry depth detection method based on water-hammer signal

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