Measures for Assessing the Effectiveness of Investments for Electricity and Heat Generation from the Hybrid Cooperation of a Photovoltaic Installation with a Heat Pump on the Example of a Household

Abstract

In recent years, one of the key postulates in the European Union’s policy has become the development of renewable energy sources. In order to achieve the desired synergy effect, the idea of combining two selected sources of energy appeared. This article presents a technical and economic analysis of a hybrid connection of a ground source heat pump with a photovoltaic installation. Taking into account the heat demand of the building, a ground heat pump with a catalog nominal heating power of 25 kW was selected. This article presents the problem of the economic profitability of using a hybrid combination of a heat pump and photovoltaic panels in domestic hot water and central heating systems. The justification for the use of such heat sources in these installations is due to global trends and the gradual departure from conventional energy sources such as oil or gas boilers. This paper presents the economic and ecological results of using the pump heat connected together with photovoltaic panels. In the economic analysis, with the assumed installation costs related to the use of the considered heat pump and PV, two parameters commonly used in the investment analysis (static and dynamic) were used, namely, the simple payback period and the net present value of the investment. For the adopted assumptions, the usable area of the facility and the number of years of use were indicated, at which the investment in question is competitive with other alternative investment interest methods and will start to bring tangible benefits. The performed analysis also has measurable environmental benefits in the form of a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions at the level of 2893 kg/year into the atmosphere. The presented solution will help future investors understand the investment profitability mechanism for their households.

Flexibility in Power Systems of Integrating Variable Renewable Energy Sources

“…A case has been presented that requires a precise quantification of the flexibility needed by the power system and likely to be required as the share of renewable energy generation increases is a sure answer. The authors will confirm with other researchers that these requirements depend on the type and amount of renewable energy (Niekurzak et al, 2022;Ryberg et al, 2019). What it needs for wind will not be exactly the same as for solar energy.…”

Conceptual Design of a Semi-Automatic Process Line for Recycling Photovoltaic Panels as a Way to Ecological Sustainable Production

“…As the available literature on the subject indicates the lifetime of PV modules is 20-30 years [15,16], after this period they become waste. The amount of waste can be easily determined from the production growth chart.…”

“…However, this solution, due to its low efficiency and high costs, has no justified application, especially in the case of fragmented material. The silicon obtained as a result of the chemical process should be transported by means of a belt conveyor (3) to be stored in a warehouse (16). This warehouse should have a low air humidity so that the silicon can be thoroughly dried.…”

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“…When planning an investment in a PV installation, an investor is mainly interested in both its energy efficiency and economic profitability (Niekurzak et al, 2022), (Höfer, Madlener, 2020). Investments in renewable energy sources (including photovoltaic panels) are not lowbudget in Poland, but thanks to the possibility of taking advantage of non-repayable subsidies and favorable credit financing for the purchase and installation of photovoltaic panels, they may gain popularity in Poland (Derski, 2019) and (SolarPower Europe, 2023).…”