Measuring antigen-specific responses in Mycobacterium bovis-infected warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) using the intradermal tuberculin test

Roos, Eduard O.; Olea‐Popelka, Francisco; Buss, Peter; Hausler, Guy; Warren, Robin M.; Helden, Paul D. van; Parsons, Sven D.C.; Klerk‐Lorist, Lin‐Mari de; Miller, Michele A.

doi:10.1186/s12917-018-1685-8

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…One of the major problems for policy makers is identifying the main beneficiaries of any programme, simply because there are so many worthy candidates. In recent years, and driven by the need to better understand the disease, there have been many studies reporting new TB diagnostic tests for a variety of high value animal species (173–182). Knowledge of the extent of the disease in these animals is the first step in addressing the problem, which may prove to be very costly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild Animal Tuberculosis: Stakeholder Value Systems and Management of Disease

Gormley

Corner

2018

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When human health is put at risk from the transmission of animal diseases, the options for intervention often require input from stakeholders whose differing values systems contribute to decisions on disease management. Animal tuberculosis (TB), caused principally by Mycobacterium bovis is an archetypical zoonotic pathogen in that it can be transmitted from animals to humans and vice versa. Although elimination of zoonotic transmission of TB to humans is frequently promoted as the raison d'être for TB management in livestock, in many countries the control strategies are more likely based on minimizing the impact of sustained infection on the agricultural industry. Where wild animals are implicated in the epidemiology of the disease, the options for control and eradication can require involvement of additional stakeholder groups. Conflict can arise when different monetary and/or societal values are assigned to the affected animals. This may impose practical and ethical dilemmas for decision makers where one or more species of wild animal is seen by some stakeholders to have a greater value than the affected livestock. Here we assess the role of stakeholder values in influencing TB eradication strategies in a number of countries including Ireland, the UK, the USA, Spain, France, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. What it reveals is that the level of stakeholder involvement increases with the complexity of the epidemiology, and that similar groups of stakeholders may agree to a set of control and eradication measures in one region only to disagree with applying the same measures in another. The level of consensus depends on the considerations of the reservoir status of the infected host, the societal values assigned to each species, the type of interventions proposed, ethical issues raised by culling of sentient wild animals, and the economic cost benefit effectiveness of dealing with the problem in one or more species over a long time frame. While there is a societal benefit from controlling TB, the means to achieve this requires identification and long-term engagement with all key stakeholders in order to reach agreement on ethical frameworks that prioritize and justify control options, particularly where culling of wild animals is concerned.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild Animal Tuberculosis: Stakeholder Value Systems and Management of Disease

Gormley

Corner

2018

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pathogenic organisms (categorized into bacteria, parasites, and viruses) specified in the 148 papers in the dataset. Associated diseases and clinical symptoms recorded in the 148 papers in the dataset.DiseasesBabesiosis[54]; bovine tuberculosis[29,30,[32][33][34]37,47,52,62,64,71,[97][98][99]; echinococcosis…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

African Lions and Zoonotic Diseases: Implications for Commercial Lion Farms in South Africa

Green¹,

Jakins²,

Asfaw³

et al. 2020

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

African lions (Panthera leo) are bred in captivity on commercial farms across South Africa and often have close contact with farm staff, tourists, and other industry workers. As transmission of zoonotic diseases occurs through close proximity between wildlife and humans, these commercial captive breeding operations pose a potential risk to thousands of captive lions and to public health. An understanding of pathogens known to affect lions is needed to effectively assess the risk of disease emergence and transmission within the industry. Here, we conduct a systematic search of the academic literature, identifying 148 peer-reviewed studies, to summarize the range of pathogens and parasites known to affect African lions. A total of 63 pathogenic organisms were recorded, belonging to 35 genera across 30 taxonomic families. Over half were parasites (35, 56%), followed by viruses (17, 27%) and bacteria (11, 17%). A number of novel pathogens representing unidentified and undescribed species were also reported. Among the pathogenic inventory are species that can be transmitted from lions to other species, including humans. In addition, 83 clinical symptoms and diseases associated with these pathogens were identified. Given the risks posed by infectious diseases, this research highlights the potential public health risks associated with the captive breeding industry. We recommend that relevant authorities take imminent action to help prevent and manage the risks posed by zoonotic pathogens on lion farms.

show abstract

“…The single comparative intradermal tuberculin test (SCITT) relies on stimulating a CMI response in vivo with the intradermal injection of bovine and avian PPDs, after which a memory response is measured by a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. The SCITT is applied across multiple wildlife species including African buffalo, African wild dog, African lion, cheetah, leopard, antelope, and common warthog, however, validation has only been performed in a few of these species ( 70 , 74 , 77 ).…”

Section: Indirect Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The need to calculate a SCITT species-specific cut-off value with appropriate study cohorts was highlighted in a study in which previously published criteria used to interpret SCITT for lions led to false positive results in 54% of animals tested ( 70 , 71 ). The study by Roos et al ( 74 ) in a bTB endemic cohort of common warthogs demonstrated that M. bovis -infected animals develop a measurable delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to M. bovis PPD and the sensitivity and specificity of the SCITT, using common warthog-specific cut-off values, were 81 and 100%, respectively ( 74 ). Currently, the SCITT is performed in African buffaloes using the interpretation criteria for cattle, leading to suboptimal sensitivity ( 78 ).…”

Section: Indirect Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Diagnostic Tests for Detection of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in South African Wildlife

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wildlife tuberculosis is a major economic and conservation concern globally. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), is the most common form of wildlife tuberculosis. In South Africa, to date, M. bovis infection has been detected in 24 mammalian wildlife species. The identification of M. bovis infection in wildlife species is essential to limit the spread and to control the disease in these populations, sympatric wildlife species and neighboring livestock. The detection of M. bovis-infected individuals is challenging as only severely diseased animals show clinical disease manifestations and diagnostic tools to identify infection are limited. The emergence of novel reagents and technologies to identify M. bovis infection in wildlife species are instrumental in improving the diagnosis and control of bTB. This review provides an update on the diagnostic tools to detect M. bovis infection in South African wildlife but may be a useful guide for other wildlife species.

show abstract

Measuring antigen-specific responses in Mycobacterium bovis-infected warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) using the intradermal tuberculin test

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Wild Animal Tuberculosis: Stakeholder Value Systems and Management of Disease

Wild Animal Tuberculosis: Stakeholder Value Systems and Management of Disease

African Lions and Zoonotic Diseases: Implications for Commercial Lion Farms in South Africa

Review of Diagnostic Tests for Detection of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in South African Wildlife

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About