Measuring chemical emissions using open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectroscopy and computer-assisted tomography

Measuring Ammonia Concentrations and Emissions from Agricultural Land and Liquid Surfaces: A Review

“…14 Variability in IR light intensity because of misting of the retroreflectors and signal saturation because of sunlight were concerns. 14 Summary of Micrometeorological Methods. Monitoring at surface-layer scales (10 2 -10 6 m 2 ) 2 in a nonintrusive manner is only possible with the micrometeorological methods.…”

A Review of Ammonia Emissions From Confined Swine Feeding Operations

“…Previously, there was little research on NH 3 emissions in the U.S., but research activity has increased in the past few years. Progress is being made in developing measurement equipment and methods (Heber et al, , 2002a(Heber et al, , 2002bAneja et al, 2001;Harper et al, 2000;Todd et al, 2001;Zahn et al, 2001Zahn et al, , 2002, but cost and lack of continuous measurement capability has hindered development of reliable annual emission factors.…”

Vapor distribution above an evaporating sessile drop

“…The use of computed tomography is well known in medical applications, i.e. CT or CAT scans, but also it has been used in a variety of research applications, for example measuring combustion products in an internal combustion engine [28] or from a flat flame burner [29], measuring the structure of a hollow cone fuel spray [30], measuring nitrogen emissions from a swine waste lagoon [31], and various non-destructive testing applications [32].…”