Measuring global water security towards sustainable development goals

Gain, Animesh K.; Giupponi, Carlo; Wada, Yoshihide

doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124015

Cited by 206 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Various sustainability metrics have been applied to both groundwater and surface water systems to identify critical water security regions (Gain et al, ; Vrba & Zaporozec, ; Wada et al, ; White, ). The application of performance indicators such as reliability, resilience, and vulnerability is common in hydrology (Ajami et al, ; Asefa et al, ; Kjeldsen & Rosbjerg, ; Sandoval‐Solis et al, ) to characterize stochastic performance of water resources systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Assessment of Groundwater Sustainability Based On Storage Anomalies

Thomas

Caineta

Nanteza

2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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The world's largest aquifers are a fundamental source of freshwater used for agricultural irrigation and to meet human water needs. Therefore, their stored volume of groundwater is linked with water security, which becomes more relevant during periods of drought. This work focuses on understanding large‐scale groundwater changes, where we introduce an approach to evaluate groundwater sustainability at a global scale. We employ a groundwater drought index to assess performance metrics (reliability, resilience, vulnerability, and a combined sustainability index) for the largest and most productive global aquifers. Spatiotemporal changes in total water storage are derived from remote sensing observations of gravity anomalies, from which the groundwater drought index is inferred. The results reveal a complex relationship between the indicators, while considering monthly variability in groundwater storage. Combining the drought and sustainability indexes, as presented in this work, constitutes a measure for quantifying groundwater sustainability. This framework integrates changes in groundwater resources due to human influences and climate changes, thus opening a path to assess progress toward sustainable use and water security.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Assessment of Groundwater Sustainability Based On Storage Anomalies

Thomas

Caineta

Nanteza

2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Even though IWRM has attained some degree of acceptance worldwide, some scholars (e.g., Biswas [3]) criticise it. Nevertheless, IWRM is still a central theme at the level of global cooperation such as the Rio+20 Conference and Goal 6 of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) [4,5]. Implementation of IWRM including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate at all levels is one of the priority targets of Goal 6 of SDGs to be achieved by 2030 [1,5], A United Nations status report on IWRM prepared for the Rio+20 Conference documents the progress in the inclusion of IWRM in national policies and legislations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, IWRM is still a central theme at the level of global cooperation such as the Rio+20 Conference and Goal 6 of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) [4,5]. Implementation of IWRM including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate at all levels is one of the priority targets of Goal 6 of SDGs to be achieved by 2030 [1,5], A United Nations status report on IWRM prepared for the Rio+20 Conference documents the progress in the inclusion of IWRM in national policies and legislations. Although many developed countries have adopted IWRM, it is not yet clear whether they are actually implementing it in its totality [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Flood Control to Water Management: A Journey of Bangladesh towards Integrated Water Resources Management

Gain

Mondal

Rahman

2017

Water

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Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is considered as a practical approach in solving water-related problems, which are socio-ecologically complex in nature. Bangladesh has also embraced the IWRM approach against its earlier attempt to flood control. In this paper, we evaluate the current status of IWRM in Bangladesh through the lens of policy shifts, institutional transitions and project transformations using seven key dimensions of IWRM. Looking at IWRM from such perspectives is lacking in current literature. A thorough review of policy shifts suggests that all the key dimensions of IWRM are "highly reflected" in the current policy documents. The dimension of "integrated management" is "highly reflected" in both institutional transition and project-level transformation. Most other dimensions are also recognised at both institutional and project levels. However, such reflections gradually weaken as we move from policies to institutions to projects. Despite catchment being considered as a spatial unit of water management at both institutional and project levels, transboundary basin planning is yet to be accomplished. The participation of local people is highly promoted in various recent projects. However, equity and social issues have received less attention at project level, although it has significant potential for supporting some of the key determinants of adaptive capacity. Thus, the IWRM dimensions are in general reflected in recent policies, institutional reforms and project formulation in Bangladesh. However, to solve the complex water-problems, basin scale management through transboundary cooperation and equity and social issues need to be implemented at institutional and project levels.

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“…Available surface freshwater resources needed to meet this increasing demand are increasingly endangered by biophysical and human pressures, including climate change, land degradation, over-extraction, pollution, deforestation, and urbanization [4][5][6]. Therefore, food provision and water security will rely more on groundwater, as aquifers constitute the largest available storage of freshwater (except for frozen water in ice and glaciers) [7,8]. However, 1.7 billion people are already living in regions where groundwater resources or groundwater-dependent ecosystems are threatened [9] and current rates of aquifer depletion will be worsened in the near future, jeopardizing the sustainability of the water supply [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valuation of Hidden Water Ecosystem Services: The Replacement Cost of the Aquifer System in Central Mexico

López‐Morales

Mesa-Jurado

2017

Water

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This paper reports research estimating the costs of replacing the groundwater that the metropolitan areas of Mexico City, Toluca, and Cuernavaca, in Central Mexico, pump from 10 over-exploited aquifers with 6 supply alternatives of surface water. These aquifers provide about 70% of the water required by more than 28 million people, and their recharge zones in forested areas are increasingly threatened by economic activities. By designing a constrained optimization program that minimizes investment and operation costs, we found that replacing groundwater extraction involves the construction of all six alternatives at an estimated cost of US$25 billion at present values (US$0.6 m−3 over a 26-year period). We designed and analyzed a scenario to combine measures to reduce water leaks in Mexico City; a positive balance was found: every dollar invested in leak control reduces replacement costs by between US$1.9 and US$8.4. Therefore, our results suggest the prioritization of leak control measures in order to reduce extraction from over-exploited aquifers. Local authorities should be warned about the economics of losing ecosystem services that are crucial to sustaining the population and the economic activities in the region of study.

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Measuring global water security towards sustainable development goals

Cited by 206 publications

References 68 publications

Global Assessment of Groundwater Sustainability Based On Storage Anomalies

Global Assessment of Groundwater Sustainability Based On Storage Anomalies

From Flood Control to Water Management: A Journey of Bangladesh towards Integrated Water Resources Management

Valuation of Hidden Water Ecosystem Services: The Replacement Cost of the Aquifer System in Central Mexico

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