Measuring Microtemporal Processes Underlying Preschoolers’ Screen Use and Behavioral Health: Protocol for the Tots and Tech Study

Reesor-Oyer, Layton; Parker, Hannah; Burkart, Sarah; Smith, Michal T.; Dugger, Roddrick; Klinggraeff, Lauren von; Weaver, R. Glenn; Beets, Michael W.; Armstrong, Bridget

doi:10.2196/36240

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Recruitment took place between September 2020 and September 2021. Recruitment and enrollment procedures are described elsewhere [26]. Briefly, we recruited a nonrandom volunteer sample by distributing flyers at daycare centers, pediatric clinics, and community centers.…”

Section: Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Study procedures are described in detail elsewhere [26]. Generally, the day-to-day operations of the study included participant communication, participant enrollment, and participant tracking.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EMA assessments were conducted in the first week of the 30-day monitoring window. Additional details, including a full list of EMA questions, can be found elsewhere [26]. In addition, caregivers and children were asked to wear an Axivity AX3 accelerometer (Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom) on their nondominant wrist for 24 hours per day (including while bathing and swimming) for 30 days to assess physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep.…”

Section: First Wave Of Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the 7-day EMA period, study staff sent a personalized SMS text message if a caregiver failed to send a screenshot on 2 consecutive days (48 hours). Participants were compensated up to US $180 for their participation in each wave of data collection (US $360 in total; see [26] for more details). The number of reminders to send images was recorded as an indicator of feasibility.…”

Section: First Wave Of Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A full list of EMA items is described elsewhere [26]. Items were adapted from the Multidimensional Assessment of Preschool Disruptive Behavior scale [32] and assessed child tantrums, noncompliance, and aggression over the previous 2 hours.…”

Section: Child Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility of Measuring Screen Time, Activity, and Context Among Families With Preschoolers: Intensive Longitudinal Pilot Study

Parker¹,

Burkart²,

Reesor-Oyer³

et al. 2022

JMIR Form Res

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Background Digital media has made screen time more available across multiple contexts, but our understanding of the ways children and families use digital media has lagged behind the rapid adoption of this technology. Objective This study evaluated the feasibility of an intensive longitudinal data collection protocol to objectively measure digital media use, physical activity, sleep, sedentary behavior, and socioemotional context among caregiver-child dyads. This paper also describes preliminary convergent validity of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) measures and preliminary agreement between caregiver self-reported phone use and phone use collected from passive mobile sensing. Methods Caregivers and their preschool-aged child (3-5 years) were recruited to complete a 30-day assessment protocol. Within 30-days, caregivers completed 7 days of EMA to measure child behavior problems and caregiver stress. Caregivers and children wore an Axivity AX3 (Newcastle Upon Tyne) accelerometer to assess physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. Phone use was assessed via passive mobile sensing; we used Chronicle for Android users and screenshots of iOS screen time metrics for iOS users. Participants were invited to complete a second 14-day protocol approximately 3-12 months after their first assessment. We used Pearson correlations to examine preliminary convergent validity between validated questionnaire measures of caregiver psychological functioning, child behavior, and EMA items. Root mean square errors were computed to examine the preliminary agreement between caregiver self-reported phone use and objective phone use. Results Of 110 consenting participants, 105 completed all protocols (105/110, 95.5% retention rate). Compliance was defined a priori as completing ≥70%-75% of each protocol task. There were high compliance rates for passive mobile sensing for both Android (38/40, 95%) and iOS (64/65, 98%). EMA compliance was high (105/105, 100%), but fewer caregivers and children were compliant with accelerometry (62/99, 63% and 40/100, 40%, respectively). Average daily phone use was 383.4 (SD 157.0) minutes for Android users and 354.7 (SD 137.6) minutes for iOS users. There was poor agreement between objective and caregiver self-reported phone use; root mean square errors were 157.1 and 81.4 for Android and iOS users, respectively. Among families who completed the first assessment, 91 re-enrolled to complete the protocol a second time, approximately 7 months later (91/105, 86.7% retention rate). Conclusions It is feasible to collect intensive longitudinal data on objective digital media use simultaneously with accelerometry and EMA from an economically and racially diverse sample of families with preschool-aged children. The high compliance and retention of the study sample are encouraging signs that these methods of intensive longitudinal data collection can be completed in a longitudinal cohort study. The lack of agreement between self-reported and objectively measured mobile phone use highlights the need for additional research using objective methods to measure digital media use. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-36240

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Section: Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: First Wave Of Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: First Wave Of Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Child Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Feasibility of Measuring Screen Time, Activity, and Context Among Families With Preschoolers: Intensive Longitudinal Pilot Study

Parker¹,

Burkart²,

Reesor-Oyer³

et al. 2022

JMIR Form Res

Self Cite

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The Day-Level Association Between Child Care Attendance and 24-Hour Movement Behaviors in Preschool-Aged Children

Parker,

Burkart,

Reesor-Oyer

et al. 2024

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

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Background: Twenty-four hour movement behaviors (ie, physical activity [PA], screen time [ST], and sleep) are associated with children’s health outcomes. Identifying day-level contextual factors, such as child care, that positively influence children’s movement behaviors may help identify potential intervention targets, like improving access to child care programs. This study aimed to examine the between- and within-person effects of child care on preschoolers’ 24-hour movement behaviors. Methods: Children (N = 74, 4.7 [0.9] y, 48.9% girls, 63.3% White) wore an Axivity AX3 accelerometer on their nondominant wrist 24 hours per day for 14 days to measure PA and sleep. Parents completed surveys each night about their child’s ST and child care attendance that day. Linear mixed effects models predicted day-level 24-hour movement behaviors from hours spent in child care. Results: Children spent an average of 5.0 (2.9) hours per day in child care. For every additional hour of child care above their average, children had 0.3 hours (95% CI, −0.3 to −0.2) less ST that day. Between-person effects showed that compared with children who attended fewer overall hours of child care, children who attended more hours had less overall ST (B = −0.2 h; 95% CI, −0.4 to 0.0). Child care was not significantly associated with PA or sleep. Conclusions: Child care attendance was not associated with 24-hour PA or sleep; however, it was associated with less ST. More research utilizing objective measures of ST and more robust measures of daily schedules or structure is necessary to better understand how existing infrastructure may influence preschool-aged children’s 24-hour movement behaviors. In addition, future research should consider how access to child care may influence child care attendance.

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Measuring Microtemporal Processes Underlying Preschoolers’ Screen Use and Behavioral Health: Protocol for the Tots and Tech Study

Cited by 2 publications

References 74 publications

Feasibility of Measuring Screen Time, Activity, and Context Among Families With Preschoolers: Intensive Longitudinal Pilot Study

Feasibility of Measuring Screen Time, Activity, and Context Among Families With Preschoolers: Intensive Longitudinal Pilot Study

The Day-Level Association Between Child Care Attendance and 24-Hour Movement Behaviors in Preschool-Aged Children

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