Measuring no - load and load noise of power transformers using the Sound Pressure and Sound Intensity methods &amp;#x2014; Part - I: Outdoors measurements

Girgis, R.S.; Garner, Keith; Bernesjö, Mats; Anger, Jan; Chu, Donald

doi:10.1109/pes.2008.4596507

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The much higher noise levels measured on-site correspond to measuring positions 16 to 25; with the highest difference noted at stations 20 to 22 which are located just below the bus-duct. This is further confirmed by on-site noise measurements around the transformer using both the sound intensity and sound pressure measuring methods, [7], [8]. These measurements are presented in Fig.…”

Section: Contribution From Vibrations Of Structures Attached To Thsupporting

confidence: 67%

Contributions to Differences Between On-Site and Factory-Measured Noise Levels of Power Transformers

Girgis

Bernesjö

2015

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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Over the years, there have been a number of cases where users experienced higher noise levels of transformers on-site versus what was measured in the factory acceptance tests. In some of these cases, measurements have shown that a power transformer can have significantly different noise characteristics (both noise level and frequency spectrum) on-site compared to what was measured in the factory. This difference can range from a few decibels to more than 10 dB in some cases. Some of these differences are found to be caused by local environmental factors that influenced the on-site measurements. Others were caused by operating conditions on-site that are different from those of the factory tests. This paper presents results of investigations and measurements performed, over the past several years, on the main contributors to this difference. For each of these contributors, data are presented that demonstrate the impact of this contributor as well as quantify typical magnitudes of this impact. It is hoped that the material presented in this paper will assist users in: 1) understanding some of the pitfalls of on-site measurement of transformer noise; 2) how operating conditions contribute to the noise performance of transformers on-site; and 3) how significantly higher on-site noise levels can, in some cases, indicate an issue with the transformer or any of its components/accessories. It is also hoped that the material in this paper will contribute to industry standards/application guides on noise determination and abatement.

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Section: Contribution From Vibrations Of Structures Attached To Thsupporting

confidence: 67%

Contributions to Differences Between On-Site and Factory-Measured Noise Levels of Power Transformers

Girgis

Bernesjö

2015

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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“…After introducing a new algorithm based on the reverse calculation method [17] or the corrections made of both ambient noise and sound wall reflections per the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) Standards [18], the accuracy of transformer noise measurements improves significantly. Moreover, from the manufacturer point of view, considering the low-frequency noise of electrical substation was always presented and noticed in daily lives of residents near the source [19], the structural optimization and low-or ultra-low-noise power transformers design by means of acoustic radiation model arouses designer's attention gradually [20], to meet the increasingly stringent environmental standards, the improved core assembling form [21], and even optimized cooling system arrangement form [22] are taken into account by manufacturers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Transformer Spatial Acoustic Radiation Characteristics Analysis under Multiple Operating Conditions

Ying

Wang

et al. 2018

Energies

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Abstract:Spatial acoustic radiation characteristics analysis is the precondition of reducing the noise influence of outdoor power transformer while multi-physical field coupling method can be applied to quantify and reveal these acoustic characteristics of a running power transformer. In this study, based on the theoretical analysis about noise generation and dissemination process, an acoustic radiation model about oil-immersed power transformer was established and verified with field test data in time and frequency domain. Then, far-field analysis and directivity analysis were accomplished to characterize acoustic field of power transformer under multiple operating conditions. Finally, the acoustic radiation influence on potential surrounding buildings were analyzed and discussed. The visual results and conclusion provide acoustic guide for the optimal planning and design about both power substation and ambient buildings.

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“…Therefore, any repeated exposure to the sounds or long time of exposure at or above 85 decibels level of sound may cause hearing loss. The more treble sound, even at shorter period of time "NIHL" may be happen [19].…”

Section: Noise-induced Hearing Loss (Nihl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To find the noise level, the "SLMdevice" (Figure 2) is carried with hand at the height of the ear for those who exposed to the noise. With most SLMs devices it does not important where the direction of the microphone is in order to measure the sounds level [19]. It is very important to calibrate the device before and after each measurement.…”

Section: "Sound Level Meter (Slm)"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the Noise Levels at an Electrical Power Station

Abdulrazzak

Abdulrazzaq

2018

JEASD

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Studying the noise levels has great significance by those whose concerned with the environment and human, because of its negative impact on human health and his performance. This paper presents a measuring of noise in the positions of the power station south of Baghdad includes 15 positions inside the station's building and 15 positions outside the station's building. The noise level measured in decibels by using the noise level meter (NLM). The results showed that the values of the noise level at positions outside the station's building are between (66.9dB-88.1dB), which are for the positions of (p3-p15) are out of allowable levels according to the allowable limits for the WHO (67 dB), while the positions (p1 & p2) are within the allowable limits. The noise levels at positions inside the station's building (p1-p15) are (66.1dB-86.2dB) all the values are out of the allowable level for WHO (57 dB). To reduce the negative effects of noise, special materials should be used on the walls of the building to absorb the noise, as well as to minimize the exposing time to the noise in order to protect the workers' health.

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Measuring no - load and load noise of power transformers using the Sound Pressure and Sound Intensity methods — Part - I: Outdoors measurements

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Contributions to Differences Between On-Site and Factory-Measured Noise Levels of Power Transformers

Contributions to Differences Between On-Site and Factory-Measured Noise Levels of Power Transformers

Power Transformer Spatial Acoustic Radiation Characteristics Analysis under Multiple Operating Conditions

Studying the Noise Levels at an Electrical Power Station

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