Measuring recovery: An adapted Brief Assessment of Mood (BAM+) compared to biochemical and power output alterations

Shearer, David A.; Sparkes, William; Northeast, Jonny; Cunningham, Daniel J.; Cook, Christian J.; Kilduff, Liam P.

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2016.09.012

Cited by 25 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In addition to objective markers, subjective cognitive measures such as athlete mood, subjective muscle soreness, stress and motivation are also widely used to assess fatigue and recovery in sports (26). The brief assessment of mood states questionnaire has been shown to be a reliable, valid and simple method of examining the dose-response relationship between exercise and fatigue (26,39).…”

Section: A C C E P T E Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuromuscular, Biochemical, Endocrine, and Mood Responses to Small-Sided Games' Training in Professional Soccer

Sparkes

Turner

Weston

et al. 2018

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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William, S, Turner, AN, Weston, M, Russell, M, Johnston, MJ, and Kilduff, LP. Neuromuscular, biochemical, endocrine, and mood responses to small-sided games' training in professional soccer. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2569-2576, 2018-The 24-hour responses to small-sided games' (SSGs) soccer training were characterized. Professional soccer players (n = 16) performed SSG's (4vs4 + goalkeepers; 6 × 7-minutes, 2-minute interset recovery) with performance (peak power output [PPO] and jump height [JH]), physiological (blood creatine kinase [CK], lactate, salivary testosterone, and cortisol), and mood measures collected before (baseline), and after (immediately; 0, +2, and +24 hours). For PPO and JH, possibly small-moderate reductions occurred at 0 hour (-1.1 W·kg; ±0.9 W·kg, -3.2 cm; ±1.9 cm, respectively), before returning to baseline at +2 hours (trivial), and declining thereafter (small-moderate effect) at +24 hours (-0.9 W·kg; ±0.8 W·kg, -2.5 cm; ±1.2 cm, respectively). Lactate increased at 0 hours (likely large; +1.3 mmol·L; ±0.5 mmol·L), reduced at +2 hours (likely-small; -0.5 mmol·L; ±0.2 mmol·L), and returned to baseline at 24 hours (trivial). A very likely small increase in CK occurred at 0 hour (+97 μ·L; ±28 μ·L), persisting for +24 hours (very likely small; +94 μ·L; ±49 μ·L). Possibly small increases in testosterone (+20 pg·ml; ±29 pg·ml) occurred at 0 hour, before likely moderate declines at +2 hours (-61 pg·ml; ±21 pg·ml) returning to baseline at +24 hours (trivial). For cortisol, possibly small decreases occurred at 0 hour (-0.09 μg·dl; ±0.16 μg·dl), before likely large decreases at +2 hours (-0.39 μg·dl; ±0.12 μg·dl), which persisted for 24 hours (likely small; -0.12 μg·dl; ±0.11 μg·dl). Mood was disturbed by SSG's at 0 hour (likely moderate; +13.6 AU, ±5.6 AU) and +2 hours (likely small; +7.9 AU; ±5.0 AU), before returning to baseline at +24 hours (trivial). The movement demands of SSG's result in a bimodal recovery pattern of neuromuscular function and perturbations in physiological responses and mood for up to 24 hours. Accordingly, when programming soccer training, SSG's should be periodized throughout the competitive week with submaximal technical/tactical activities.

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Section: A C C E P T E Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Players completed the questionnaires in isolation of teammates and it took approximately 2 minutes complete. The BAM+ questionnaire has been shown to be an effective tool for monitoring the fatigue and recovery cycles in elite athletes (39). Scores range from 0 -100, with 0 indicating the best mood and 100 indicating the worst.…”

Section: Mood Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular, Biochemical, Endocrine, and Mood Responses to Small-Sided Games' Training in Professional Soccer

Sparkes

Turner

Weston

et al. 2018

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…These measures have been used extensively in previous research to measure neuromuscular function of the lower body (CMJ), anabolic/catabolic activity (salivary testosterone and cortisol) and for monitoring the fatigue and recovery cycles in elite athletes (BAM+). 2,6,15 The following week, players returned and completed the exact same protocol, with the inclusion of a lower body weight training session 2 h after the SSG session. The 0 h timepoint remained immediately post the completion of the SSG's on week 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mood state was assessed using a modified version of the brief assessment of mood questionnaire (BAM+). 15 This 10-item questionnaire is based on the Profile of Mood State assessment and consists of a scale where players mark on a 10 cm scale about how they feel at that moment in time. Scale anchors ranged from 'not at all' to 'extremely'.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BAM + questionnaire has been shown to be an effective tool for monitoring the fatigue and recovery cycles in elite athletes. 2,15 The scores were totalled up by giving the 6 unfavourable questions (anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension and muscle soreness) a positive value, and the 4 favourable questions (alertness, confidence, motivation and sleep quality) a negative value. The original total mood score ranged from −40 to 60, before adding 40 to each score so that the scale ranged from 0 to 100, with 0 indicating the best mood and 100 indicating the worst.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The neuromuscular, endocrine and mood responses to a single versus double training session day in soccer players

Sparkes

Turner

Cook

et al. 2020

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

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Objectives: This study profiled the 24 h neuromuscular, endocrine and mood responses to a single versus a double training day in soccer players. Design: Repeated measures. Methods: Twelve semi-professional soccer players performed small-sided-games (SSG's; 4 vs 4 + goalkeepers; 6 × 7-min, 2-min inter-set recovery) with neuromuscular (peak-power output, PPO; jump height, JH), endocrine (salivary testosterone, cortisol), and mood measures collected before (pre) and after (0 h, +24 h). The following week, the same SSG protocol was performed with an additional lower body strength training session (back-squat, Romanian deadlift, barbell hip thrust; 4 × 4 repetitions, 4-min inter-set recovery; 85% 1 rep-max) added at 2 h after the SSG's. Results: Between-trial comparisons revealed possible to likely small impairments in PPO (2.5 ± 2.2 W kg −1 ; 90% Confidence Limits: ±2.2 W kg −1), JH (−1.3; ±2.0 cm) and mood (4.6; ±6.1 AU) in response to the double versus single sessions at +24 h. Likely to very likely small favourable responses occurred following the single session for testosterone (−15.2; ±6.1 pg ml −1), cortisol (0.072; ±0.034 ug dl −1) and testosterone/cortisol ratio (−96.6; ±36.7 AU) at +24 h compared to the double session trial. Conclusions: These data highlight that performance of two training sessions within a day resulted in possible to very likely small impairments of neuromuscular performance, mood score and endocrine markers at +24 h relative to a single training session day. A strategy of alternating high intensity explosive training days containing multiple sessions with days emphasising submaximal technical/tactical activities may be beneficial for those responsible for the design and delivery of soccer training programs.

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The effects of collagen peptides on muscle damage, inflammation and bone turnover following exercise: a randomized, controlled trial

et al. 2019

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This study examined whether consuming collagen peptides (CP) before and after strenuous exercise alters markers of muscle damage, inflammation and bone turnover. Using a double-blind, independent group's design, 24 recreationally active males consumed either 20 g day −1 of CP or a placebo control (CON) for 7 days before and 2 days after performing 150 drop jumps. Maximal isometric voluntary contractions, countermovement jumps (CMJ), muscle soreness (200 mm visual analogue scale), pressure pain threshold, Brief Assessment of Mood Adapted (BAM +) and a range of blood markers associated with muscle damage, inflammation and bone turnover C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (β-CTX) and N-terminal propeptides of type 1 pro-collagen (P1NP) were measured before supplementation (baseline; BL), pre, post, 1.5, 24 and 48 h post-exercise. Muscle soreness was not significantly different in CP and CON (P = 0.071) but a large effect size was evident at 48 h postexercise, indicative of lower soreness in the CP group (90.42 ± 45.33 mm vs. CON 125.67 ± 36.50 mm; ES = 2.64). CMJ height recovered quicker with CP than CON at 48 h (P = 0.050; CP 89.96 ± 12.85 vs. CON 78.67 ± 14.41% of baseline values; ES = 0.55). There were no statistically significant effects for the other dependent variables (P > 0.05). β-CTX and P1NP were unaffected by CP supplementation (P > 0.05). In conclusion, CP had moderate benefits for the recovery of CMJ and muscle soreness but had no influence on inflammation and bone collagen synthesis.

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Measuring recovery: An adapted Brief Assessment of Mood (BAM+) compared to biochemical and power output alterations

Abstract: Visual and inferential results indicate that the BAM+ appears effective for monitoring longitudinal recovery cycles in elite level athletes. Future research is needed to confirm both the scales reliability and validity.

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

Neuromuscular, Biochemical, Endocrine, and Mood Responses to Small-Sided Games' Training in Professional Soccer

Neuromuscular, Biochemical, Endocrine, and Mood Responses to Small-Sided Games' Training in Professional Soccer

The neuromuscular, endocrine and mood responses to a single versus double training session day in soccer players

The effects of collagen peptides on muscle damage, inflammation and bone turnover following exercise: a randomized, controlled trial

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