Measuring the fractional orbital angular momentum of a vortex light beam by cascaded Mach–Zehnder interferometers

Huang, Hsiao-Chih; Lin, Yen‐Ting; Shih, Ming-Feng

doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2011.09.063

Cited by 33 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…According to Eq. (B7), MFV2 with mod 2 = 1 m is not equal to OV with mod 2 = 1 m , whose OAM probability is where the OAM modes of mod 4 = 1, 2, and 3 m vanish owing to the completely destructive interference in cascaded MZIs with θ = π and θ = π/2 [18,20]. According to Eqs.…”

Section: A Quantum State Of An Fvmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Two superposed light beams with zero and  phase shifts are obtained in turn by a piezo stage in one of the two exit arms. For the interference in the ideal wavefront distribution, an imaging lens is used [20], and the image is recorded using a charge coupled device (CCD) camera.…”

Section: Experimental Construction and Verification Of Rotational Symmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The real part of Eq. (A9) is where the OAM modes of mod 2 1 m  vanish owing to the completely destructive interference in an MZI with θ = π [18,20]. According to Eq.…”

Section: A Quantum State Of An Fvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(B6), MFV2 with mod 2 = 0 M is equal to OV with mod 2 = 0 m . Thus, MFV2 with mod 2 = 0 M can be generated by the rotationally symmetric superposition of two OVs with mod 2 = 0 m , the case of completely constructive interference [18,20]. As mod 2 = 1 M , Eq.…”

Section: B Unity Summation Of Probability and Oam Mean Formentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifiable example of complementarity relation between optical orbital angular momentum and angular position

Huang

2019

Optics Communications

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A light beam with phase singularity (PS) characterized with azimuthally symmetric angular positions (APs) can be constructed by the rotationally symmetric superposition of n (n  N) fractional vortex light beams with identical charges. The profile of this light beam deforms after propagation owing to its orbital angular momentum (OAM) noneigenvalue, and the deformation degree can be evaluated by the degree of phase dislocation associated with the PS. The expectation value of the mean deviation of its OAM from its characteristic charge value and the variation of the degree of phase dislocation obey a proportional relation. This light beam offers a quantifiable example of a complementarity relation between the observers of optical OAM and AP, which are the OAM noneigenvalue and intensity AP variation, respectively.

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Section: A Quantum State Of An Fvmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Experimental Construction and Verification Of Rotational Symmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The real part of Eq. (A9) is where the OAM modes of mod 2 1 m  vanish owing to the completely destructive interference in an MZI with θ = π [18,20]. According to Eq.…”

Section: A Quantum State Of An Fvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Unity Summation Of Probability and Oam Mean Formentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifiable example of complementarity relation between optical orbital angular momentum and angular position

Huang

2019

Optics Communications

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“…Fig. 1, Molina-Terriza et al[119], Jack et al[91], Lavery et al[120], Huang et al[111], and Tamburini et al[72], who used α = −1.12.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The physics of angular momentum radio

Thidé

Tamburini

2015

2015 1st URSI Atlantic Radio Science Conference (URSI AT-RASC)

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To this day, wireless communications, as well as radio astronomy and other radio science and technology applications, have made predominantly use of techniques built on top of the electromagnetic linear momentum physical layer. As a supplement and/or alternative to this conventional approach, techniques rooted in the electromagnetic angular momentum (moment of momentum) physical layer have been advocated, and promising results from proof-of-concept laboratory and real-world angular momentum wireless and fiber communication experiments were recently reported. A physical observable in its own right, albeit much more sparingly used than other electromagnetic observables such as energy and linear momentum, the angular momentum exploits the rotational symmetry of the electromagnetic field and the rotational (spinning and orbiting) dynamics of the pertinent charge and current densities. Here we present a review of the fundamental physical properties of the electromagnetic angular momentum observable, derived from the fundamental postulates of classical electrodynamics (the Maxwell-Lorentz equations), and put it into its context among the other Poincaré symmetry invariants of the electromagnetic field. The multi-mode quantized character and other physical properties that sets the classical electromagnetic angular momentum apart from the electromagnetic linear momentum are pointed out. We give many of the results both in terms of the electric and magnetic field vectors and in terms of the complex Riemann-Silberstein vector formalism (Majorana-Oppenheimer representation of classical electrodynamics) and discuss formal parallels with first quantization formalism. We introduce generalized and symmetrized extensions of the Jefimenko integral formulas for calculating exact expressions for the electric and magnetic fields directly from arbitrary given electric and/or magnetic source distributions and use them for deriving expressions for the volumetric density of the electromagnetic angular momentum radiated from any given arbitrary localized distribution of charges and currents. Our results generalize earlier results, obtained by other authors for certain specific configurations only, and facilitate the modeling and design of angular momentum transducers. They show that the volume integrated angular momentum density, i.e., the total angular momentum emitted by the sources, always tends asymptotically to a constant when the distance from the source volume tends to infinity, proving that a radiation arrow of time exists also for angular momentum, as it does for linear momentum (the volume integrated Poynting vector). Consequently, angular momentum physics (torque action) offers an alternative or a supplement to linear momentum physics (force action) as a means of transferring information wirelessly over very long distances. This finding opens possibilities for, among other things, a more flexible utilization of the radio frequency spectrum and paves the way for the development of new information transfer techniques. We discuss ...

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Measuring the fractional topological charge of LG beams by using interference intensity analysis

Tai

et al. 2015

Optics Communications

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Measuring the fractional orbital angular momentum of a vortex light beam by cascaded Mach–Zehnder interferometers

Cited by 33 publications

References 13 publications

Quantifiable example of complementarity relation between optical orbital angular momentum and angular position

Quantifiable example of complementarity relation between optical orbital angular momentum and angular position

The physics of angular momentum radio

Measuring the fractional topological charge of LG beams by using interference intensity analysis

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