Measuring the presence of organized crime across Italian provinces: a sensitivity analysis

Bernardo, Giovanni; Brunetti, Irene; Pinar, Mehmet; Stengos, Thanasis

doi:10.1007/s10657-020-09676-0

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Another exciting result of our analysis is the geographic heterogeneity of criminal activity; in other words, the incidence of illegal activity varies according to differences and characteristics attributable to the states. Such statement coincides with the findings of Torres et al (2015), Cabral et al, 2018;Saavedra et al (2021);and Bernardo et al (2021). In particular, the contrast of our results with those of Abrams (2021) is striking.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Our results show that extortion, homicide, and kidnapping appear because of drug trafficking (see Figure 2). The results of Bernardo et al (2021) also coincide with our findings, by pointing out the relative importance of drug trafficking, prostitution and money laundering, extortions, and kidnapping.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…There is ample evidence at a global level that there is an inverse relationship between crime and economic growth; for example, Mocetti and Rizzica (2021) and Bernardo et al (2021) provide evidence for the Italian economy, Santos-Marquez (2021) offers evidence in the Colombian case. Addy et al (2021) also document an inverse relationship between crime and economic growth and development, using panel data modelling for a sample of Sub-Saharan African countries.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, several studies point out the geographical heterogeneity in the incidence of criminal activity, representing significant differences between the states or regions in a given country (Cabral et al, 2018;Saucedo & Berry, 2019;Moreno & Saucedo, 2020;Mohammed & Baiee, 2020;Abrams, 2021;Bernardo et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterising Crime Incidence in Mexico: A Hierarchical Linkage Clustering Analysis

Preciado

Ríos

2022

IJIE

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We aim to characterise the incidence and distribution of crime in 32 states of Mexico. A hierarchical grouping with average linkage is implemented with crime information from DataMéxico, segmented by state and type of crime from 2015 to 2020. Based on the proportional number of crimes over the population of each state, through the elbow method and the average linkage with a Cophenetic correlation coefficient, we validate the number of clusters. Subsequently, a principal component analysis (PCA) is performed to identify each state’s contribution to the clusters proposed. The main results reveal criminal activity can be characterised by three groups. Drug trafficking is the crime that leads the first group, which in turn generates subgroups of interrelated crimes, such as crimes against the family, sexual abuse and harassment, and falsehood, to name a few. These crimes are committed homogeneously in most of the states of the country. Correspondingly, domestic violence and theft lead clusters two and three, and present significant concentration levels since four states accumulate 62% and 55% of crime incidence respectively. The results also provide an overview of how a particular crime can trigger the presence of others.

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Section: Discussion Of Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussion Of Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterising Crime Incidence in Mexico: A Hierarchical Linkage Clustering Analysis

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Ríos

2022

IJIE

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“…The lack of plants seems due to the lack of a favourable/conducive environment for entrepreneurial initiatives and the attractiveness of the needed investments. It should not be disregarded that the Campania region is sadly known for the presence of criminal organisations [83] making their own business in the waste sector. Moreover, bureaucracy continues to play a negative role in that the time and administrative burden required to obtain permits for new plants are still discouraging factors.…”

Section: Barriers and Drivers: A Take Home Lessonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular Economy Management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) in Italian Urban Systems: Comparison and Perspectives

et al. 2023

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This study evaluates the current collection and recycling of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) in Italy by means of the analysis of national and regional data from EUROSTAT and the Italian WEEE Coordination Centre database, as well as through qualitative interviews with key stakeholders of the WEEE management system of the Campania region (Southern Italy). Urban systems, among which the metropolitan city of Naples in the Campania region, are the main users of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) and, as a consequence, the main generators of WEEE, which must be managed and recovered properly in order to prevent the loss of valuable resources and the associated environmental impacts. In addition to analysing the current state of WEEE collection and recycling in Italy and its regions and urban systems, the study aims to improve our understanding of the WEEE reverse supply chain and the main barriers and drivers to collection and recycling. The results reveal that the main barriers to the collection/delivery/recycling of WEEE resulted in the low awareness of the citizens about the importance of WEEE recovery, the lack of trust towards administrators, the lack of certified first treatment plants, the aversion of the citizens to the opening of new plants due to past inefficient solutions in solid waste management, the exploitation of high value materials only (so-called “cannibalization”, the illegal trade of WEEE, the influence of the market on the valorization of secondary materials), and, finally, the dominance of economic efficiency over the proximity advantage for the disposal of solid waste. On the other hand, the main drivers for collection emerged to be the adoption of education programmes in schools and constant communication campaigns directed to citizens in order to improve WEEE collection and recycling behaviour; the adoption of economic and non-economic incentives; the availability of municipal collection points (ecological islands) and other collection centres characterised by easy access by citizens for the delivery of their WEEE.

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Organized crime as a link between inequality and corruption

Schwuchow

2023

Eur J Law Econ

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We study a model that establishes a novel theoretical rationale for the empirically well-documented relation between inequality and corruption. According to our model, inequality can nurture corruption by empowering organized crime because collusion between local police forces and criminal organizations is more likely in societies characterized by high inequality or weak security forces. Law enforcement and organized crime have a strong incentive to collude due to efficiency gains from specialization. However, their agreement breaks down when the mobsters can no longer credibly commit to joint rent maximization and thus start to compete with law enforcement for citizens’ wealth. The mobsters then non-violently monopolize the market for extortion by undercutting the police forces, similar to a strategy of predatory pricing. Criminal collusion is thus not very different from its corporate equivalent; hence, similar policy measures should be promising. In addition, our model also suggests that the criminal organization’s higher efficiency in extracting rents has a greater impact when the relative power between law enforcement and organized crime is rather balanced. Accordingly, when violent conflict becomes less predictable, non-violent elements of relative power become more relevant. Our model also allows for the interpretation that in the absence of strong social norms against corruption, organized crime is more difficult to challenge.

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Measuring the presence of organized crime across Italian provinces: a sensitivity analysis

Cited by 12 publications

References 83 publications

Characterising Crime Incidence in Mexico: A Hierarchical Linkage Clustering Analysis

Characterising Crime Incidence in Mexico: A Hierarchical Linkage Clustering Analysis

Circular Economy Management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) in Italian Urban Systems: Comparison and Perspectives

Organized crime as a link between inequality and corruption

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