Measuring the quasi-static Young’s modulus of the eardrum using an indentation technique

Hesabgar, Seyyed M.; Marshall, Howard; Agrawal, Sumit; Samani, Abbas; Ladak, Hanif M.

doi:10.1016/j.heares.2010.02.005

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…From previous measurements, we know that this fixation does not alter the shape of the tympanic membrane. Our fixation procedure was similar to that in Ladak et al (2004), Hesabgar et al (2010).…”

Section: Specimen Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the large strain condition, starting from 8%, a Young's modulus of 23 MPa was found. Hesabgar et al (2010) performed measurements on Sprague Dawley rats, animals whose tympanic membranes have a base diameter of 3-3.5 mm and hence allow the best comparison with our gerbil experiments. Using quasi-static indentation experiments, they found a Young's modulus of 21.7 ± 1.2 MPa for a uniform thickness of 12 μm.…”

Section: Tympanic Membrane Viscoelasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To study the influence of membrane thickness on the estimated elastic modulus, we also did optimisations in which a central region thickness of 12 μm was used, as in Hesabgar et al (2010). In doing so, the estimated Young's moduli decreased with approximately 40%, the values are given in 'Appendix 2'.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature, various estimates of static stiffness, e.g. Békésy (1960), Fay et al (2005), Cheng et al (2007), Hesabgar et al (2010), Aernouts et al (2010b) and dynamic stiffness, e.g. Kirikae (1960), Decraemer et al (1980b), Fay et al (2005), Luo et al (2009) are reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Static versus dynamic gerbil tympanic membrane elasticity: derivation of the complex modulus

Aernouts

Dirckx

2011

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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An accurate estimation of tympanic membrane stiffness is important for realistic modelling of middle ear mechanics. Tympanic membrane stiffness has been investigated extensively under either quasi-static or dynamic loading conditions. It is known that biological tissues are sensitive to strain rate. Therefore, in this work, the mechanical behaviour of the tympanic membrane was studied under both quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. Experiments were performed on the pars tensa of four gerbil tympanic membranes. A custom-built indentation apparatus was used to perform in situ tissue indentations and testing was done applying both quasi-static and dynamic sinusoidal indentations up to 8.2 Hz. The unloaded shape of the tympanic membrane was measured and used to create specimen-specific finite element models to simulate the experiments. The frequency dependent Young's modulus of each specimen was then estimated by an inverse analysis in which the error between experimental and simulated indentation data was optimised for each indentation frequency separately. Using an 8 μm central region thickness, we found Young's moduli between 71 and 106 MPa (n = 4) at 0.2 Hz indentation frequency. A standard linear viscoelastic model and a viscoelastic model with a continuous relaxation spectrum were used to derive a complex modulus in the frequency domain. Due to experimental limitations, the indentation frequency upper limit was 8.2 Hz. The average relative modulus increase in this domain was 14% and the increase was the strongest below 6 Hz.

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Section: Specimen Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tympanic Membrane Viscoelasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison With Other Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Static versus dynamic gerbil tympanic membrane elasticity: derivation of the complex modulus

Aernouts

Dirckx

2011

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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“…humidity and temperature) easily influence the mechanical properties of the organic materials. Particularly with the middle ear components, the experimental measurements of the mechanical properties are very limited due to the small size of the organ [21][22][23][24][25][26]. Thus, the available mechanical properties of the middle ear have a large uncertainty.…”

Section: Uncertainty Sources Of the Fe Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical calibration of a finite element model for human middle ear

Lee

Ahn²

2015

J Mech Sci Technol

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A Finite element (FE) model of a human middle ear is developed, assessed, and updated using a statistical approach. The model consists of three ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes), a tympanic membrane, tendons, and ligaments. The uncertainty of the model input parameters associated with the material properties and boundary conditions are considered in order to assess the validity of the model. The variation of the umbo displacement transfer function (UDTF) as a result of the uncertainty of the model input parameters is estimated and compared with those from experiments. Using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a three-level orthogonal array, the most important calibration parameters, which are composed of stiffness-related and density variables, are selected. Furthermore, a metric for statistical calibration is introduced. Through minimizing the calibration metric, the calibration parameters are updated in order to enhance the performance of the middle ear FE model. The proposed statistical calibration framework effectively improves the middle ear FE model performance.

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Characterization of the Nonlinear Elastic Behavior of Chinchilla Tympanic Membrane Using Micro-fringe Projection

Liang¹,

Luo²,

Nakmali

et al. 2016

Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series

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The mechanical properties of an intact, full tympanic membrane (TM) inside the bulla of a fresh chinchilla were measured under quasi-static pressure from −1.0 kPa to 1.0 kPa applied on the TM lateral side. Images of the fringes projected onto the TM were acquired by a digital camera connected to a surgical microscope and analyzed using a phase-shift method to reconstruct the surface topography. The relationship between the applied pressure and the resulting volume displacement was determined and analyzed using a finite element model implementing a hyperelastic 2 nd-order Ogden model. Through an inverse method, the best-fit model parameters for the TM were determined to allow the simulation results to agree with the experimental data. The nonlinear stress-strain relationship for the TM of a chinchilla was determined up to an equibiaxial tensile strain of 31% experienced by the TM in the experiments. The average Young's modulus of the chinchilla TM from ten bullas was determined as approximately 19 MPa.

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Measuring the quasi-static Young’s modulus of the eardrum using an indentation technique

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Static versus dynamic gerbil tympanic membrane elasticity: derivation of the complex modulus

Static versus dynamic gerbil tympanic membrane elasticity: derivation of the complex modulus

Statistical calibration of a finite element model for human middle ear

Characterization of the Nonlinear Elastic Behavior of Chinchilla Tympanic Membrane Using Micro-fringe Projection

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