“…The Outcome Questionnaire-45.2 (OQ) had been incorporated into this EAP's intake and case-closing procedures four years prior to the start of this quality improvement review for a number of reasons. It is widely used in counseling settings, and there is an extensive literature documenting its validity, reliability, and comparability across populations (Lambert et al, 2004;Minami et al, 2009;Trotter et al, 2009). It was validated in part on a sample of 504 EAP clients, and normative data for this EAP sample (as well as for several other sample groups) are available for comparison purposes in the OQ manual.…”