Mechanical and Dynamic Characterization of Sustainable Composites Based on Food Packaging Waste

Abstract

Composites made from food packaging waste are recently introduced to the industry as promising materials that aim to reduce the environmental waste and to develop cost effective products. They possess good physical properties, which makes them potential competitors to wood based composite structures such as commercial particleboard (PB), and medium density fiberboard (MDF). Despite the expected advantages, the mechanical and dynamic behaviour of this genuine structure still needs to be studied and tested to evaluate its suitability for light weight structure applications. Experimental modal analysis is conducted on specimens made of food packaging waste, sandwich structured packaging waste with woven glass-fiber skin, MDF and PB. The dynamic testing results show superior damping ratio for the food packaging waste composites compared to the wood-based specimens. Natural frequencies exhibit comparable dynamic stiffness with respect to MDF, and PB. Further investigation has been made to evaluate both the modulus of rapture and the static stiffness of the material by conducting flexural tests on all specimens. Sandwich structure produced from food packaging waste and veneered with woven glass-fiber fabric exhibit excellent magnitudes for the modulus of rupture in addition the highest damping ratio.

Recycling of Aseptic Beverage Cartons: A Review

“…Nassef et al [37] reported in 2018 that composites made from 100% aseptic cartons (target density of 0.8 g cm −3 and a thickness of 10 mm) and a skin of woven glass fiber fabric possessed higher dynamic characteristics in terms of damping ratio compared to commercial particleboard and medium density fiberboard. Bending tests showed competitive MOR values of both composites, with the addition of glass fiber fabric enhancing the MOR values.…”

Mechanical properties of wood-plastic composites produced with recycled polyethylene, used Tetra Pak® boxes, and wood flour

“…Valente et al (2011) investigated some of the mechanical properties of hybrid thermoplastic composites made from wood flour and recycled glass fibers. Some researchers evaluated the properties of different types of polymer-based composites produced with TPBs (Avella et al 2009;Sanchez-Cadena et al 2013;Yilgor et al 2014;Bekhta et al 2016;Nassef et al 2018;Aranda-García et al 2020;Gallego et al 2020;Sujatha et al 2021;Guillén-Mallette et al 2021). Kaymakçı et al (2012) and Ayrılmış et al (2013) evaluated some of the mechanical properties of a WPC produced with TPBs and rice husk flour.…”

Wood-based boards mechanical properties and their effects on the cutting process during shredding

“…Wood-based materials and their composites are used in an increasing number of industries. First of all, they have been used in the furniture (Mirski et al 2017), packaging (Nassef et al 2018;Palka and Tutak 2018), and construction industries (Heidari et al 2019), in which they constitute the low-emission construction sector (Hildebrandt et al 2017). Wood-based materials consist mainly of wood chips and dust covered with, for example, PVC laminates (Narlıoğlu et al 2018), laminated with thermally compressed veneer (Buyuksari 2012), décor paper, and resin/impregnated décor papers (Istek et al 2010) or coated with veneers and continuous press laminates (Nemli and Çolakoǧlu 2005).…”

“…In addition, the composition of wood-based materials is enriched due to the situation related to the problems of wood scarcity and forest protection. Thanks to it, techniques for implementing winter rape (Gajdačová et al 2018) or food packaging waste (Nassef et al 2018) for the production of wood-based materials are being developed.…”

“…The availability of a great variety of wood-based materials, additionally expanded by additives that change their properties, means that a large number of tests of their physical and mechanical properties have been carried out (Pritchard et al 2001;Ayrilmis et al 2007;Ganev et al 2007;Akyüz et al 2010;de Barros Filho et al 2011;Rydzkowski and Michalska-Pożoga 2016;Akyildiz et al 2018). Among them one can distinguish, research in the basic strength of materials field (bending, twisting, compression, tension, surface pressure) and dynamic tests (Nassef et al 2018). Researchers also have considered: determination of the modulus of elasticity (Cetera et al 2018;Bakhta et al 2020), internal bond characteristics (Cetera et al 2018), impact of water (swelling) (Cetera et al 2018;Bakhta et al 2020), moisture absorption (Trochonowicz and Galas 2018), impact of thermal treatment (Cetera et al 2018), impact of type of removal machining on processed materials (Martínez-Conde et al 2017), formaldehyde emission during drying (Cetera et al 2018), and acoustic emission during machining (Eschelbacher et al 2019).…”