Mechanical behaviour of granular materials used in analogue modelling: insights from grain characterisation, ring-shear tests and analogue experiments

Panien, Marion; Schreurs, Guido; Pfiffner, Othmar-Adrian

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2006.05.004

Cited by 155 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The general geometric style of the extensional evolution is similar to those described in several previous studies that used a horizontal basal sheet to create a half graben (e.g., McClay and Ellis 1987, Panien et al 2006, Eisenstadt and Sims 2005.…”

Section: First Extensional Deformation Phasesupporting

confidence: 55%

“…According to Panien et al (2006), angular and subangular grain shapes and heterogeneous grain-size distributions produce a larger diffuse deformation because of the higher dispersion of stresses. The heterogeneous grain-shape distri bution of our sand mica mixture models, composed of subangular grains of quartz and tabular crystals of mica, may be responsible for these kinematic features in our experiments.…”

Section: Differences Between the Type I Ii And Iii Models Related Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The granular materials most frequently used in scaled analogue models are quartz sand and wet clay because their elastic and frictional plastic properties are suitable for simulating faulting in the upper crust (e.g., Lohrmann et al 2003, Eisenstadt and Sims 2005, Panien et al 2006. Extensive physical and rheological tests have been conducted to investigate the properties of dry quartz sand and have demonstrated its suitability for modeling the brittle crust (e.g., Mandl 1988, Krantz 1991, Schellart 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To introduce a competence contrast in graben fill, Panien et al (2005) suggested the use of weak brittle layers of glass microbeads within analogue sedimentary succession. High-sphericity glass microbeads are a well-known elasto-frictional plastic analogue material characterized by low cohesion (C = 5 Pa) and a low coefficient of internal friction (μ = 0.41; Φ = 22.3°) (Panien et al 2006). Due to its weakness, glass microbeads are frequently used to simulate the mechanical behavior of weak frictional décollement layers within or below sand packs (e.g., Massoli et al 2006, Bahroudi et al 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Testing the influence of a sand mica mixture on basin fill in extension and inversion experiments

Gomes

D'Angelo

Almeida

2015

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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We compare the deformation patterns produced by sand and a sand mica mixture (14:1 ratio of sand to mica by weight) while simulating basin fill in extension and inversion models to analyze the potential of the sand mica mixture for applications that require a strong elasto-frictional plastic analogue material in physical models. Sand and the sand mica mixture have nearly equal angles of internal friction, but the sand mica mixture deforms at a significantly lower level of peak shear stress. In extension, the sand mica mixture basin fill experiments show fewer normal faults. During inversion, the most striking difference between the sand and the sand mica mixture basin fill experiments is related to the internal deformation in faultpropagation folds, which increases with an increase in the basal friction. We conclude that our strongly elasto-frictional plastic sand mica mixture may be used to simulate folds in experiments that focus on mild inversion in the brittle crust.

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Section: First Extensional Deformation Phasesupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Differences Between the Type I Ii And Iii Models Related Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Testing the influence of a sand mica mixture on basin fill in extension and inversion experiments

Gomes

D'Angelo

Almeida

2015

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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“…sand, glass beads; e.g. Schulze, 2003;Ritter et al, 2016;Klinkmüller et al, 2016;Panien et al, 2006;Lohrmann et al, 2003) at low loads (kPa) used a Schulze ring-shear tester (Schulze, 1994;Fig. 2b), which serves here as an example of a spring-slider device used to generate analogue earthquakes.…”

Section: Spring-slider Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: experimental modelling across timescales

2017

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Abstract. Earth deformation is a multi-scale process ranging from seconds (seismic deformation) to millions of years (tectonic deformation). Bridging short-and long-term deformation and developing seismotectonic models has been a challenge in experimental tectonics for more than a century. Since the formulation of Reid's elastic rebound theory 100 years ago, laboratory mechanical models combining frictional and elastic elements have been used to study the dynamics of earthquakes. In the last decade, with the advent of high-resolution monitoring techniques and new rock analogue materials, laboratory earthquake experiments have evolved from simple spring-slider models to scaled analogue models. This evolution was accomplished by advances in seismology and geodesy along with relatively frequent occurrences of large earthquakes in the past decade. This coincidence has significantly increased the quality and quantity of relevant observations in nature and triggered a new understanding of earthquake dynamics. We review here the developments in analogue earthquake modelling with a focus on those seismotectonic scale models that are directly comparable to observational data on short to long timescales. We lay out the basics of analogue modelling, namely scaling, materials and monitoring, as applied in seismotectonic modelling. An overview of applications highlights the contributions of analogue earthquake models in bridging timescales of observations including earthquake statistics, rupture dynamics, ground motion, and seismic-cycle deformation up to seismotectonic evolution.

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Directional flank spreading at Mount Cameroon volcano: Evidence from analogue modeling

et al. 2014

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Mount Cameroon is characterized by an elongated summit plateau, steep flanks, and topographic terraces around its base. Although some of these features can be accounted for by intrusion-induced deformation, we here focus on the contribution of edifice-scale gravitational spreading in the structure of Mount Cameroon. We review the existing geological and geophysical data and morphostructural features of Mount Cameroon and surrounding sedimentary basins. Volcanic ridge gravitational spreading is then simulated by scaled analogue models on which fault formation is recorded using digital image correlation. Three sets of models are presented (i) models recorded in cross section (Type I), (ii) models recorded from above with a uniform (Type IIa), and (iii) nonuniform ductile layer (Type IIb). Type I models illustrate the formation of faults accommodating summit subsidence and lower flank spreading. Type IIa models favor displacement perpendicular to the long axis, with formation of a summit graben and basal folds, but fail to reproduce the steep flanks. Type IIb models investigate the effect of spatial variations in sediment thickness and/or properties consistent with geological evidence. Directional spreading of the volcano's central part perpendicular to the long axis is accounted for by a sediment layer with restricted lateral extent and increasing thickness away from the volcano axis. The later model closely reproduces key features observed at Mount Cameroon: steep upper flanks are accounted for by enhanced lateral spreading of the lower flanks relative to the summit. The relevance of these findings for understanding flank instabilities at large oceanic volcanoes is finally highlighted.

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Mechanical behaviour of granular materials used in analogue modelling: insights from grain characterisation, ring-shear tests and analogue experiments

Cited by 155 publications

References 29 publications

Testing the influence of a sand mica mixture on basin fill in extension and inversion experiments

Testing the influence of a sand mica mixture on basin fill in extension and inversion experiments

Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: experimental modelling across timescales

Directional flank spreading at Mount Cameroon volcano: Evidence from analogue modeling

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