Mechanical induced wounds in fish – a review on models and healing mechanisms

Sveen, Lene; Karlsen, Christian; Ytteborg, Elisabeth

doi:10.1111/raq.12443

Cited by 75 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 149 publications

(256 reference statements)

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“…The cascade of cutaneous wound healing involves removal of dead tissue, re-epithelization of the wound in acute phases, and reorganization of the dermal connective tissue in chronic phase [ 161 ]. While the acute phase starts immediately, the chronic phase can last for days and months, depending on the wound severity, rearing environment, overall immune, and nutritional status of a fish [ 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 ]. Iger et al described ECCs in the context of experimentally wounded carp, and noted that the number of ECCs in the wound area was similar to that of normal area [ 52 ].…”

Section: An Overview Of the Immune System In Fishesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidermal Club Cells in Fishes: A Case for Ecoimmunological Analysis

Pandey

Stockwell

Snider

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Epidermal club cells (ECCs), along with mucus cells, are present in the skin of many fishes, particularly in the well-studied Ostariophysan family Cyprinidae. Most ECC-associated literature has focused on the potential role of ECCs as a component of chemical alarm cues released passively when a predator damages the skin of its prey, alerting nearby prey to the presence of an active predator. Because this warning system is maintained by receiver-side selection (senders are eaten), there is want of a mechanism to confer fitness benefits to the individual that invests in ECCs to explain their evolutionary origin and maintenance in this speciose group of fishes. In an attempt to understand the fitness benefits that accrue from investment in ECCs, we reviewed the phylogenetic distribution of ECCs and their histochemical properties. ECCs are found in various forms in all teleost superorders and in the chondrostei inferring either early or multiple independent origins over evolutionary time. We noted that ECCs respond to several environmental stressors/immunomodulators including parasites and pathogens, are suppressed by immunomodulators such as testosterone and cortisol, and their density covaries with food ration, demonstrating a dynamic metabolic cost to maintaining these cells. ECC density varies widely among and within fish populations, suggesting that ECCs may be a convenient tool with which to assay ecoimmunological tradeoffs between immune stress and foraging activity, reproductive state, and predator–prey interactions. Here, we review the case for ECC immune function, immune functions in fishes generally, and encourage future work describing the precise role of ECCs in the immune system and life history evolution in fishes.

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Section: An Overview Of the Immune System In Fishesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidermal Club Cells in Fishes: A Case for Ecoimmunological Analysis

Pandey

Stockwell

Snider

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…The muscle tissue in all fish with saddleback deformities had extensive granulation (Fig. 6), indicative of deep wounding [20].…”

Section: Tissue Samples From the Saddleback Deformity Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following careful scale removal so as not to damage the underlying soft tissue, tissue samples were dissected at the site of the deformity in saddleback fish or from an equivalent area in normal fish. The tissue samples, approximately 6 mm × 6 mm and 4 mm deep, were taken using scalpels to penetrate the dermis, connective tissue and muscle [20]. Tissue samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin.…”

Section: Yellowfin Bream Tissue Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Causation of Saddleback Deformities in The Yellowfin Bream Acanthopagrus australis Fishery: Evidence of Physical Injury

Pollock¹

2021

AJFAR

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The yellowfin bream A. australis supports an important commercial net and angling fishery on the east coast of Australia. Saddleback, a deformity of the dorsal fin and profile, occurs in this species, with the occurrence of fish with saddleback being as high as 10% in some areas. The present study provides new information and analysis of causation of the saddleback deformity in the yellowfin bream fishery. Lateral line scale regeneration due to injury, and soft tissue abnormalities indicative of deep wounding are present in yellowfin bream with saddleback. X-ray images of the entire skeleton of specimens with saddleback were also examined. An unpublished government report on chemical residues in saddleback and normal yellowfin bream is appended and discussed. The absence of both chemical residues, and lack of other skeletal deformities in yellowfin bream with saddleback provide indirect evidence of physical injury as the cause of saddleback in this case. The role of discarding of meshed yellowfin bream, which are smaller than the legal minimum size, as causation of the saddleback deformity is evaluated.

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“…Tight junctions between the epithelial cells form a coherent intrinsic barrier to protect the fish from harmful substances in the environment. The epidermis also contains goblet cells that produce and secrete the mucus layer that forms the extrinsic physical barrier [ 17 , 18 ]. The secreted mucus layer is mainly composed of glycoproteins called mucins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Impairs Skin Barrier Function and Induces α2-3 Linked N-Acetylneuraminic Acid and Core 1 O-Glycans on Skin Mucins in Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar

Benktander

Sundh

Sundell

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The skin barrier consists of mucus, primarily comprising highly glycosylated mucins, and the epithelium. Host mucin glycosylation governs interactions with pathogens and stress is associated with impaired epithelial barrier function. We characterized Atlantic salmon skin barrier function during chronic stress (high density) and mucin O-glycosylation changes in response to acute and chronic stress. Fish held at low (LD: 14–30 kg/m3) and high densities (HD: 50-80 kg/m3) were subjected to acute stress 24 h before sampling at 17 and 21 weeks after start of the experiment. Blood parameters indicated primary and secondary stress responses at both sampling points. At the second sampling, skin barrier function towards molecules was reduced in the HD compared to the LD group (Papp mannitol; p < 0.01). Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed 81 O-glycan structures from the skin. Fish subjected to both chronic and acute stress had an increased proportion of large O-glycan structures. Overall, four of the O-glycan changes have potential as indicators of stress, especially for the combined chronic and acute stress. Stress thus impairs skin barrier function and induces glycosylation changes, which have potential to both affect interactions with pathogens and serve as stress indicators.

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Mechanical induced wounds in fish – a review on models and healing mechanisms

Cited by 75 publications

References 149 publications

Epidermal Club Cells in Fishes: A Case for Ecoimmunological Analysis

Epidermal Club Cells in Fishes: A Case for Ecoimmunological Analysis

Causation of Saddleback Deformities in The Yellowfin Bream Acanthopagrus australis Fishery: Evidence of Physical Injury

Stress Impairs Skin Barrier Function and Induces α2-3 Linked N-Acetylneuraminic Acid and Core 1 O-Glycans on Skin Mucins in Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar

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