Mechanical performance and capillary water absorption of sewage sludge ash concrete (SSAC)

Abstract

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Sewage sludge ash characteristics and potential for use in concrete

“…Reported compressive strength data would initially appear to be at odds showing both decreases [17,35] and increases [14,53] with the inclusion of SSA, but this comes down to how this material has been adopted in the mix design. Indeed, this is a very common phenomenon with the evaluation of new materials for their use in concrete and for this reason the data reported often require a very careful examination.…”

“…For as-produced SSA, the data presented in the published literature suggests that the material predominantly falls in the silt (2.5-62.5 lm) and fine sand (62.5-250 lm) size fractions, with mean diameters ranging from 50-260 lm [4,5,8,9,13,14,[29][30][31].…”

“…This use has been reported as both in the form of fine and filler aggregate components, typically at moderately low contents [7,14,17,35,53].…”

“…The reported performance of concrete using SSA in this form [7,14,17,35,53] is covered in Section 4.3 below.…”

“…The introduction of SSA has led to reduction in the concrete mix density in certain cases [14,17], which would usually be expected given that the material density is comparable to light sand. Though in one particular case, the replacement of 10% of the denser control limestone aggregate with SSA resulted in an increase in the mix density [53] and this was attributed to the beneficial effect of the fine particles of SSA on the particle packing in the concrete mixture.…”