Mechanical properties and water absorption of kenaf/pineapple leaf fiber‐reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites

Feng, Ng Lin; Malingam, Sivakumar Dhar; Chen, Ping; Razali, Nadlene

doi:10.1002/pc.25451

Cited by 69 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…where W 1 is the weight after immersion, W o is the initial weight, and W g is the weight gain percentage. Moreover, to measure the diffusion coefficient of moisture in the fabricated composite samples the Fick's law of diffusion is used [1,20] and the relation is given by Equation (11)…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, to measure the diffusion coefficient of moisture in the fabricated composite samples the Fick's law of diffusion is used [ 1,20 ] and the relation is given by Equation )

D = π {(\frac{t}{4 M_{\infty}})}^{2} {(\frac{M_{2} - M_{1}}{\sqrt{t_{2}} - \sqrt{t_{1}}})}^{2},

where D is the diffusion coefficient, t is the thickness, M ∞ is the saturation point moisture absorption percentage,

\sqrt{t_{2}} - \sqrt{t_{1}}

is the linear portion‐time difference from the moisture absorption weight percentage curve, and M 2 – M 1 is a linear portion mass difference from the moisture absorption weight percentage curve.…”

Section: Materials and Experimental Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to their ecofriendly character, low cost, and availability, natural fibers created interest among researchers for producing sustainable polymer composites. [ 1 ] As the world is focusing on reducing the effect of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere, the demand for using natural fibers as reinforcements increased. [ 2,3 ] Inorganic fibers like carbon, aramid, and glass fibers have good attractive properties that make them ideal for use as reinforcements in polymer composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical, ballistic impact, and water absorption behavior of luffa/graphene reinforced epoxy composites

KG¹,

Kalaichelvan

2020

Polymer Composites

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The mechanical, ballistic, and moisture intake properties of luffa fiber reinforced with graphene-modified epoxy composites were experimentally investigated. The nanofiller graphene particles were modified with a matrix using the mechanical stirring process. The filler (graphene) of size 20 nm is modified with the matrix of different weight percentages 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. The samples for various testings were prepared with different compositions using a hand layup technique followed by compression molding. The results show that tensile, impact, and flexural strength were enhanced with the modification of the filler graphene up to 2 wt%. The ballistic impact results show that energy absorption increases with nanofiller modification. Minimum water intake behavior is observed for the composite samples incorporated with fillers. Failure mechanisms were studied on tensile tested specimens using a scanning electron microscopy. The morphological images showed defects like interfacial behavior, fiber pull out, voids, and internal cracks on the tested specimens. K E Y W O R D S ballistic impact behavior, composite material, graphene, Luffa cylindrica, mechanical properties 1 | INTRODUCTION Owing to their ecofriendly character, low cost, and availability, natural fibers created interest among researchers for producing sustainable polymer composites. [1] As the world is focusing on reducing the effect of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere, the demand for using natural fibers as reinforcements increased. [2,3] Inorganic fibers like carbon, aramid, and glass fibers have good attractive properties that make them ideal for use as reinforcements in polymer composites. [4] Nevertheless, synthetic fibers suffer from nonbiodegradability, high cost, and hazardous gasses during disposal, which made researchers find new alternative materials. [5] Hence, they tried to use natural fibers as alternative materials to overcome the problems of using synthetic fibers. [4,6] Natural fibers like sisal, [7] banana, [8-11] jute, [12-14] coir, [15,16] luffa, [17,18] hemp [19] and flax, [9,20] and so forth are most commonly used as reinforcements in polymer composites and those materials were used in various interior applications such as furniture, acoustics, vibration isolation, packaging, automobile industries, aeronautical, and marine sectors. [21,22] Their hydrophilic nature reduced compatibility, reinforcing effect, and stress transfer with polymer matrices made the natural fiber composites fit for use in light load and interior applications. The properties and quality of composites depend on the degree of compatibility between the matrix and natural fiber. [23-25] To enhance the bonding between the matrix and fibers researchers used different methods, one of which is surface treatments. Generally, surface treatments like alkali, [3,6,26-28] silane, [29,30] benzoylation treatment, [6,31] and so forth are used for treating the fiber surface. Tolera A. Negawo et al [32] studied the influence of alkali

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Section: Scanning Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, to measure the diffusion coefficient of moisture in the fabricated composite samples the Fick's law of diffusion is used [ 1,20 ] and the relation is given by Equation )

D = π {(\frac{t}{4 M_{\infty}})}^{2} {(\frac{M_{2} - M_{1}}{\sqrt{t_{2}} - \sqrt{t_{1}}})}^{2},

where D is the diffusion coefficient, t is the thickness, M ∞ is the saturation point moisture absorption percentage,

\sqrt{t_{2}} - \sqrt{t_{1}}

Section: Materials and Experimental Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical, ballistic impact, and water absorption behavior of luffa/graphene reinforced epoxy composites

KG¹,

Kalaichelvan

2020

Polymer Composites

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“…The hybridization of kenaf/pineapple was reported to increase the mechanical and water absorption resistance of polypropylene hybrid composites by N. L. Feng et al. [19] P. Madhu et al [20] and T. G. Y. Gowda et al [21] concluded that the evaluated mechanical properties were significantly increased for hybridization of Prosopis juliflora-glass-carbon and flax-basalt-carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites. Caryota urens natural fiber and glass fiber reinforced nanoclay/SiC toughened epoxy nanocomposite were reported to exhibit excellent mechanical and wear properties by P. Raju et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of silica nanoparticles on physical, mechanical, and wear properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites

et al. 2021

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Hemp-sisal natural fiber-reinforced hybrid epoxy composites containing a varying proportion of silica nanoparticles (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt%) were manufactured and subsequently evaluated for physical, mechanical, and sliding wear properties. The density of the composite was found to increase, whereas void content was found to decrease with the increase of silica nanoparticles content. The composites containing 2 wt% silica nanoparticles exhibit maximum tensile strength, impact strength, and hardness, whereas the composite with 3 wt% silica nanoparticles showed the highest flexural strength. Dry sliding wear tests of the manufactured composites were carried out on a pin-on-disc machine under different sliding speeds, distances and applied loads at room temperature. Taguchi based L 16 orthogonal array design was used to find the optimum combination of control factors resulting in higher wear resistance. The analysis reveals that the silica nanoparticles contribute the most towards wear performance with a contribution ratio of 32.61% and a combination of 2 wt% of silica nanoparticles, 10 N normal load, 1.5 m/s sliding speed and 500 m sliding distance resulted in higher wear resistance.

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“…However, PP has some limitations such as poor impact properties and non-biodegradability under environmental conditions. [12][13] In addition, blends of hydrophobic PP with hydrophilic natural fibers have a bad compatibility between matrix/fiber interfaces. [14] To solve these drawbacks, a number of approaches have been made, for example, impregnated with nanoparticles to improve the crystallization of polymer matrix, [15][16] mixing with natural fibers to be easily degraded, [17] and compatibility modified with coupling agents to increase the bonding between components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/bamboo fiber/nano‐TiO₂composites

et al. 2021

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Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/bamboo fiber/nano-TiO 2 (PP/BF/nano-TiO 2 ) composites was investigated using differential scanning calorimetric technique with various cooling rates (2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 30 C min −1 ). The influence of different loading concentration (0, 0.1, 0.4, and 0.8 wt%) of TiO 2 nanoparticles on the nucleation ability of polypropylene was evaluated. The Avrami equation, Ozawa, and Mo model were applied to describe the non-isothermal crystallization behaviors and to analyze the experimental data of the PP/BF/nano-TiO 2 composites. The Friedman isoconversional model was employed to calculate the effective activation energy (Ea) of the samples. The experimental data were in perfect agreement with the Mo model during the investigated crystallization temperature and the loading concentration of TiO 2 nanoparticles. The TiO 2 nanoparticles concentration of 0.4 wt% was useful for improving crystallization process of the PP matrix in the composites by accelerating the crystallization rate along with the lower values of t 1/2 and Ea. However, we observed no significant changes in the onset crystallization temperature(T o ) and the crystallization peak temperature(T p ) with the incorporation of TiO 2 nanoparticles in the PP matrix, suggesting that the influence of TiO 2 nanoparticles was more remarkable at the crystal growth instead of nucleation stage for the PP/BF/nano-TiO 2 composites system.

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Mechanical properties and water absorption of kenaf/pineapple leaf fiber‐reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites

Cited by 69 publications

References 30 publications

Mechanical, ballistic impact, and water absorption behavior of luffa/graphene reinforced epoxy composites

Mechanical, ballistic impact, and water absorption behavior of luffa/graphene reinforced epoxy composites

Effect of silica nanoparticles on physical, mechanical, and wear properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites

Non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/bamboo fiber/nano‐TiO₂composites

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Mechanical properties and water absorption of kenaf/pineapple leaf fiber‐reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites

Cited by 69 publications

References 30 publications

Mechanical, ballistic impact, and water absorption behavior of luffa/graphene reinforced epoxy composites

Mechanical, ballistic impact, and water absorption behavior of luffa/graphene reinforced epoxy composites

Effect of silica nanoparticles on physical, mechanical, and wear properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites

Non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/bamboo fiber/nano‐TiO2composites

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Non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/bamboo fiber/nano‐TiO₂composites