Mechanical properties and water absorption behaviour of PLA and PLA/wood composites prepared by 3D printing and injection moulding

Ecker, Josef Valentin; Haider, Andreas; Burzic, Ivana; Huber, Axel; Eder, G.; Hild, Sabine

doi:10.1108/rpj-06-2018-0149

Cited by 69 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This is due to water being absorbed by the material, which means that water molecules disperse between polymer chains, and reduce chain-chain interaction. It was reported that PLA might absorb up to~1% water by weight [44]. The largest deformation difference occurs for the reference sample, which indicates the highest water absorption.…”

Section: Flexural and Tensile Strength Testsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Graphite Modified Polylactide (PLA) for 3D Printed (FDM/FFF) Sliding Elements

et al. 2020

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With the development of 3D printing technology, there is a need to produce printable materials with improved properties, e.g., sliding properties. In this paper, the authors present the possibilities of producing composites based on biodegradable PLA with the addition of graphite. The team created composites with the following graphite weight contents: 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. Neat material was also subjected to testing. Tribological, mechanical, and chemical properties of the mentioned materials were examined. Measurements were also made after keeping the samples in ageing and climatic ovens. Furthermore, SEM observations of samples before and after friction tests were carried out. It was demonstrated that increasing graphite content caused a significant decrease in wear (PLA + 10% graphite had a wear rate three times lower than for a neat material). The addition of graphite did not adversely affect most of the other properties, but it ought to be noted that mechanical properties changed significantly. After conditioning in a climatic oven PLA + 10% graphite has (in comparison with neat material) 11% lower fracture stress, 47% lower impact strength, and 21% higher Young’s modulus. It can be certainly stated that the addition of graphite to PLA is a step towards obtaining a material that is low-cost and suitable for printing sliding spare parts.

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Section: Flexural and Tensile Strength Testsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Graphite Modified Polylactide (PLA) for 3D Printed (FDM/FFF) Sliding Elements

et al. 2020

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“…However, the barrier properties of PLA, with limited moisture uptake, limit functionality of the responsive photonic dopant. [ 38 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responsive Photonic Liquid Crystalline Flakes Produced by Ultrasonication

Sol

Kessels

Puig

et al. 2021

Advanced Photonics Research

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Responsive materials that alter their color in response to environmental changes can be used as optical sensors. Chiral nematic liquid crystals are photonic materials that selectively reflect specific wavelengths of light and have been made environmentally responsive. Herein, the use of ultrasonication of responsive cholesteric liquid‐crystal network films to form structurally colored flakes that demonstrate color changes when moved from an aqueous to dry environment and back again is demonstrated, which suggests a scalable technique to form quantities of responsive particles that could conceivably be embedded in permeable hosts to allow the optical detection of humidity or certain chemical species.

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“…We have not seen many reports on the transient hardening of PLA. PLA and PLA/wood composites prepared by injection molding and 3D printing have been evaluated for their mechanical properties [47]. Studies have also been done to determine how the water absorption characteristics of polymer materials affect the base resins of dentures [48,49].…”

Section: Temporary Strength Increase Brought About By Immersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterioration of the Mechanical Properties of FFF 3D-Printed PLA Structures

Yonezawa

Yamada

2020

Inventions

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Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer material used for the fabrication of objects by fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing. FFF 3D printing technology has been quickly spreading over the past few years. An FFF-3D-printed object is formed from melted polymer extruded from a nozzle layer-by-layer. The mechanical properties of the object, and the changes in those properties as the object degrades, differ from the properties and changes observed in bulk objects. In this study we evaluated FFF-3D-printed objects by uniaxial tensile tests and four-point flexural tests to characterize the changes of three mechanical properties, namely, the maximum stress, elastic modulus, and breaking energy. Eight types of test pieces printed directly by an FFF 3D printer using two scan patterns and two interior fill percentages (IFPs) were tested by the aforesaid methods. The test pieces were immersed in saline and kept in an incubator at 37 °C for 30, 60, or 90 days before the mechanical testing. The changes in the mechanical properties differed largely between the test piece types. In some of the test pieces, transient increases in strength were observed before the immersion degraded the strength. Several of the test piece types were found to have superior specific strength in the tests. The results obtained in this research will be helpful for the design of PLA structures fabricated by FFF 3D printing.

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Mechanical properties and water absorption behaviour of PLA and PLA/wood composites prepared by 3D printing and injection moulding

Cited by 69 publications

References 11 publications

Graphite Modified Polylactide (PLA) for 3D Printed (FDM/FFF) Sliding Elements

Graphite Modified Polylactide (PLA) for 3D Printed (FDM/FFF) Sliding Elements

Responsive Photonic Liquid Crystalline Flakes Produced by Ultrasonication

Deterioration of the Mechanical Properties of FFF 3D-Printed PLA Structures

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